Pistia stratiotes
speciesAt a glance
Sources18 archives
Databases and archives Pistia stratiotes's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation20 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility22 155 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System14 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI38 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics41 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Pistia is a genus of aquatic plants in the arum family, Araceae. It is the sole genus in the tribe Pistieae which reflects its systematic isolation within the family. The single species it comprises, Pistia stratiotes, is often called water cabbage, water lettuce, Nile cabbage, or shellflower. Its native distribution is uncertain but is probably pantropical; it was first discovered from the Nile near Lake Victoria in Africa. It is now present, either naturally or through human introduction, in nearly all tropical and subtropical fresh waterways and is considered an invasive species as well as a mosquito breeding habitat. The genus name is derived from the Greek word πιστός (pistos), meaning "water," and refers to the aquatic nature of the plants. The specific epithet is also derived from a Greek word, στρατιώτης, meaning "soldier," which references the sword-shaped leaves of some plants in the Stratiotes genus.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology12
Life cycle & reproduction17
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment15
Physiology & chemistry3
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Pistia stratiotes across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds47 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Aphylline | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Lupanine | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,6S,9S,10R)-6-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-8-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,9S,10R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-8-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,9S,10R,12S)-12-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-8-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2R,9R,10R,12S)-12-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-8-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2S,4R,9S,10R)-4-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2S,9S,10R,12S)-12-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2S,9S,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1s,5r,11Ar)-3-(but-3-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,11,11a-octahydro-10h-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-10-one | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pistia stratiotes has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Pistia stratiotes carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2827×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · croinout · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +9
2n 341×CCDB · iapt
n 122×CCDB · araceae
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type22 169 records
Origin
Range
Depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions155 of 333 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 217 |
| Durango, MX | 168 |
| Mexico City, MX | 148 |
| Chicago, US | 127 |
| Bronx, US | 89 |
| Tampa, US | 60 |
| Brisbane, AU | 45 |
| Palmerston, AU | 45 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 42 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 39 |
| Beijing, CN | 39 |
| Campo Grande, BR | 38 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 35 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 34 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 32 |
| Salvador, BR | 30 |
| Kew, GB | 29 |
| Austin, US | 29 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 29 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 28 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 28 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 24 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 23 |
| National Herbarium & Botanic Gardens of Malawilocation not on record | 23 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 23 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 21 |
| Philadelphia, US | 21 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 20 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 20 |
| Mexico City, MX | 20 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 20 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 20 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 20 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 19 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 18 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 18 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 18 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 18 |
| Miami, US | 18 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 18 |
| Madison, US | 18 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 18 |
| Durban, ZA | 17 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 16 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 16 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 15 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 15 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 14 |
| Mérida, MX | 14 |
| Kunming, CN | 13 |
| Baroda, IN | 12 |
| Masindi, UG | 12 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 12 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 12 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 12 |
| Sanda, JP | 11 |
| Mérida, MX | 11 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 10 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 10 |
| Plocation not on record | 10 |
| Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record | 10 |
| Canberra, AU | 10 |
| South Kensington, GB | 9 |
| CASlocation not on record | 9 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 9 |
| Taipei, TW | 9 |
| Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reservelocation not on record | 9 |
| Osaka, JP | 9 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 9 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 9 |
| St. Paul, US | 9 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 9 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 9 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 9 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 9 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 8 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 8 |
| Riverside, US | 8 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 8 |
| IBANNlocation not on record | 8 |
| Xiamen, CN | 8 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 8 |
| Fort Worth, US | 8 |
| Kochi, JP | 7 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 7 |
| San José, CR | 7 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record | 7 |
| Berlin, DE | 7 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 7 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 7 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 7 |
| Guilin, CN | 7 |
| San Diego, US | 6 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 6 |
| Córdoba, AR | 6 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 6 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 6 |
| Cambridge, US | 6 |
| Aarhus, DK | 6 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 6 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 6 |
| EFGlocation not on record | 6 |
| Blumenau, BR | 6 |
| San Isidro, AR | 6 |
| Universidad de los Andes (UniAndes)location not on record | 6 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 5 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 5 |
| US | 5 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 5 |
| Corrientes, AR | 5 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 5 |
| IFAN Ch. A. Dioplocation not on record | 5 |
| Bangkok, TH | 5 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 5 |
| Turku, FI | 5 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 5 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Nanjing, CN | 4 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 4 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Bloomington, US | 4 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| Auckland, NZ | 4 |
| Nishihara, JP | 4 |
| León, NI | 4 |
| Kathmandu, NP | 4 |
| MAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 4 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 4 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 4 |
| Durham, US | 4 |
| Tomioka, JP | 4 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 4 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 3 |
| Corvallis, US | 3 |
| Claremont, US | 3 |
| Quito, EC | 3 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 3 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 3 |
| IPHAMETRAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 3 |
| Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record | 3 |
| BMlocation not on record | 3 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Awka, NG | 3 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 3 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Columbia, US | 3 |
| Chapingo, MX | 3 |
| Buenos Aires, AR | 3 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 3 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Odawara, JP | 3 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 3 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 3 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 3 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 3 |
| Uppsala, SE | 3 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 3 |
| New Haven, US | 3 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 3 |
| Flagstaff, US | 3 |
| Tapachula, MX | 3 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 3 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Guayaquillocation not on record | 2 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record | 2 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Nishihara, JP | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| GB | 2 |
| Cascavel, BR | 2 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 2 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 2 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Jackson, US | 2 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 2 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Changsha, CN | 2 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 2 |
| Culiacán, MX | 2 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Córdoba (UniCórdoba)location not on record | 2 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 2 |
| Fundación Miguel Lillolocation not on record | 2 |
| Bando, JP | 2 |
| Görlitz, DE | 2 |
| CHAPAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chiba, JP | 2 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Shanxi Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Millersville, US | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 2 |
| Calabar, NG | 2 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Dover, US | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| LNBG$location not on record | 1 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Autonoma de Baja Californialocation not on record | 1 |
| IEBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| EAlocation not on record | 1 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dublin, IE | 1 |
| Montpellier, FR | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| Yangling, CN | 1 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Iquitos, PE | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Castelar, AR | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| COLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 1 |
| Lubbock, US | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| Universidad de la Amazonia (UniAmazonia)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| Pittsburg, US | 1 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 1 |
| Seoul, KR | 1 |
| Asheville, US | 1 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 1 |
| Wuhan, CN | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Green Bay, US | 1 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| Fairfax, US | 1 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 1 |
| Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 1 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tokushima, JP | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 1 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 1 |
| Honolulu, US | 1 |
| Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hazara Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Williamsburg, US | 1 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Irvine, US | 1 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 1 |
| Dehra Dun, IN | 1 |
| North Carolina Zoological Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad del Tolima (UT)location not on record | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
| Santarém, BR | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| LDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guasave, MX | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Anton de Kom University of Surinamelocation not on record | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| 黔东南州民族医药研究所标本室location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Córdoba (UC)location not on record | 1 |
| Pelotas, BR | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Olocation not on record | 1 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 1 |
| Londrina, BR | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| Nagano City, JP | 1 |
| Lake Charles, US | 1 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 1 |
| Los Angeles, US | 1 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nnamdi Azikiwe University Herbarium (NAUH)location not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Pistia stratiotes was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.