Phytolacca acinosa
Roxb. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Phytolacca acinosa's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility34 852 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Phytolacca acinosa, the Indian pokeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to temperate eastern Asia; the Himalayas, most of China, Vietnam to Japan, and has been widely introduced to Europe. The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1814.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology14
Life cycle & reproduction12
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Phytolacca acinosa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds244 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (((5-(Methylsulfinyl)-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)thio)pentylidene)amino)oxy)sulfonic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R)-10-[(14R,15S,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaene-8,14,26,31-tetrone | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R)-10-[(14S,15S,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,16,17,18,21,22,33,34-undecahydroxy-9,24,31-trioxaheptacyclo[24.8.0.02,7.014,19.020,29.023,28.027,32]tetratriaconta-1(34),2,4,6,14,16,18,20,22,26,28,32-dodecaene-8,13,25,30-tetrone | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bS,8aS,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,8R,10R,19R,20S,39S)-8,9,9,13,14,25,26,27,30,31,32,39-dodecahydroxy-3,18,21,36,38,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[18.17.1.12,19.18,12.05,10.011,16.023,28.029,34]tetraconta-5,11,13,15,23,25,27,29,31,33-decaene-4,7,17,22,35-pentone | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (2R)-1-[(2E)-2-[(2R)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-6-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-1-[2-[(2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-6-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Phytolacca acinosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Phytolacca acinosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 364×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
2n 723×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
2n 181×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
n 92×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
n 362×CCDB · iapt · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
octoploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type34 852 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions71 of 141 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Beijing, CN | 507 |
| Chengdu, CN | 368 |
| Yangling, CN | 205 |
| Kunming, CN | 156 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 139 |
| Nanjing, CN | 131 |
| Guilin, CN | 78 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 65 |
| Wuhan, CN | 55 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 55 |
| Madison, US | 41 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 36 |
| LDlocation not on record | 34 |
| Seoul, KR | 30 |
| Siouxland Heritage Museumlocation not on record | 29 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 28 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 25 |
| Otaru, JP | 23 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 21 |
| Chengdu, CN | 19 |
| CASlocation not on record | 19 |
| Wuhan, CN | 18 |
| Taipei, TW | 15 |
| Changsha, CN | 15 |
| Wlocation not on record | 15 |
| Nanchong, CN | 14 |
| Tartu, EE | 14 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 14 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 14 |
| Awka, NG | 14 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 13 |
| Guiyang, CN | 13 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 12 |
| Nagano City, JP | 12 |
| Xian, CN | 12 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 12 |
| Guiyang, CN | 12 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 11 |
| Taipei, TW | 11 |
| “Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University" NPLClocation not on record | 10 |
| Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 10 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 10 |
| Xiamen, CN | 9 |
| Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record | 9 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 9 |
| Odawara, JP | 9 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 8 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 8 |
| JP | 7 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 6 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Chongqing, CN | 6 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 6 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 5 |
| Hebei Normal Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Nishihara, JP | 5 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 5 |
| Minia, EG | 5 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 5 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 5 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 4 |
| Kew, GB | 4 |
| Xian, CN | 4 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 4 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Chengdu, CN | 4 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 4 |
| Xining, CN | 4 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 3 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Shanxi Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Guiyang, CN | 3 |
| Museo universitario di Chietilocation not on record | 3 |
| Toyama, JP | 3 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 3 |
| Beijing, CN | 3 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 3 |
| 重庆市药物种植研究所药用植物标本馆location not on record | 3 |
| 湖北神农架林区标本馆location not on record | 3 |
| Shanxi Institute of Biologylocation not on record | 3 |
| JGSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Taiyuan Normal Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Salzburg, AT | 3 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Shanghai, CN | 2 |
| Tokushima, JP | 2 |
| Shenyang Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kathmandu, NP | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Olocation not on record | 2 |
| IWEP FEB RASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sendai, JP | 2 |
| Hangzhou Normal Collegelocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Central China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Bronx, US | 2 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 2 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 2 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 1 |
| New Haven, US | 1 |
| XAJDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| nlocation not on record | 1 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| HUFDlocation not on record | 1 |
| SCAUlocation not on record | 1 |
| 黔东南州民族医药研究所标本室location not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Elocation not on record | 1 |
| Green Bay, US | 1 |
| sxphclocation not on record | 1 |
| Jinghong, CN | 1 |
| Anhui Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| SMMUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Tallinn, EE | 1 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Tomioka, JP | 1 |
| Dehra Dun, IN | 1 |
| Shenzhen, CN | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Phytolacca acinosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.