Phyllanthus amarus
Schumach. & Thonn. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Phyllanthus amarus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility6 067 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI26 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics33 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Phyllanthus amarus is a leafy herbal plant found in tropical regions in the Americas, Africa, India, China and South East Asia. Commons names for this plant include gale of the wind, carry me seed, seed on the leaf, pick-a-back, Bhuiavla (Hindi), Bhuiamla (Bengali), stonebreaker, dukung anak (Malay).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology20
Life cycle & reproduction10
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment14
Physiology & chemistry2
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Phyllanthus amarus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds58 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GERANIIN | 10,270 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PHYLLANTHIN | 7,090 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| HYPOPHYLLANTHIN | 2,710 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| RUTIN | 1,378 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| AMARIIN | 1,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| GALLIC-ACID | 865 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Phyllanthus amarus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Phyllanthus amarus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 262×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
2n 521×CCDB · book-fedorov
n 133×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
n 261×CCDB · Cave1962
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type6 067 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions76 of 191 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 187 |
| Chicago, US | 131 |
| Bronx, US | 92 |
| Durango, MX | 85 |
| Brisbane, AU | 77 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 64 |
| Kew, GB | 58 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 57 |
| Palmerston, AU | 52 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 49 |
| Miami, US | 41 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 39 |
| Honolulu, US | 32 |
| Université du Lomélocation not on record | 29 |
| LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record | 28 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 27 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 24 |
| Mexico City, MX | 22 |
| Université de Strasbourglocation not on record | 21 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 21 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 21 |
| Durham, US | 20 |
| Canberra, AU | 19 |
| Paris, FR | 17 |
| Salvador, BR | 16 |
| Armidale, AU | 16 |
| Madison, US | 15 |
| Plocation not on record | 15 |
| Auckland, NZ | 15 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 14 |
| Tampa, US | 14 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 14 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 13 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 13 |
| Smithfield, AU | 13 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 13 |
| San José, CR | 13 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 12 |
| Riverside, US | 12 |
| León, NI | 12 |
| Kensington, AU | 12 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 12 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 11 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 10 |
| Berlin, DE | 10 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record | 10 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 9 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 9 |
| Taipei, TW | 8 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 8 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 8 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 8 |
| Brasília, BR | 7 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 7 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 7 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 7 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 7 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 7 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Davis, US | 6 |
| Chiba, JP | 6 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 6 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 6 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 5 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 5 |
| LSFlocation not on record | 5 |
| Mérida, MX | 5 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 5 |
| EFGlocation not on record | 4 |
| EL PASO, US | 4 |
| Xiamen, CN | 4 |
| Masindi, UG | 4 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 4 |
| Taipei, TW | 4 |
| MAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 4 |
| Austin, US | 4 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 4 |
| Wlocation not on record | 3 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 3 |
| Area de Conservacion Guanacastelocation not on record | 3 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 3 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 3 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 3 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 3 |
| Burlington, US | 3 |
| Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| Goucher Collegelocation not on record | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| Odawara, JP | 2 |
| University of Port Harcourtlocation not on record | 2 |
| South Kensington, GB | 2 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Autlán de Navarro, MX | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Clocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Baroda, IN | 2 |
| Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarinlocation not on record | 2 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 2 |
| ex-Centro Nacional de Investigação Cientifica (CNIC)location not on record | 2 |
| Calabar, NG | 2 |
| MAPRlocation not on record | 2 |
| BMlocation not on record | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 2 |
| EAlocation not on record | 2 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Forestry Research Institute of Nigerialocation not on record | 2 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro)location not on record | 1 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 1 |
| DSMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Université National du Béninlocation not on record | 1 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| CMULlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Montpellier, FR | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad del Tolima (UT)location not on record | 1 |
| Nnamdi Azikiwe University Herbarium (NAUH)location not on record | 1 |
| UFABClocation not on record | 1 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 1 |
| TNMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record | 1 |
| IPHAMETRAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| University of Santo Tomas Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| Botanic Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tokushima, JP | 1 |
| La Paz, MX | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Huft, M. J. (MO), 1992.location not on record | 1 |
| Centre for Medicinal Plants Research-Arya Vaidya Salalocation not on record | 1 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| LISClocation not on record | 1 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| UJLOGlocation not on record | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICAPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 1 |
| LGlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Ojo, NG | 1 |
| National Herbarium & Botanic Gardens of Malawilocation not on record | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica-CEBIQlocation not on record | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)location not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Phyllanthus amarus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.