⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · AusTraits: graminoid
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf shapenarrowly_lanceolate
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry2
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Other traits1
Plant support typefree-standing
05DNA & barcoding2 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Phragmites karka has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens2
Marker genes2
GenBank sequences3
eDNA detections1
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
Phragmites karka voucher E ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; and rbcL-psaI intergenic spacer, partial sequence; plastid
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL2
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualPhragmites karka carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Zong, W., R. Chen, K. Taniguchi & K. Kondo. 1991. A chromosome study in intraspecific polyploidy of Phragmites australis and its related species. Kromosomo 63–64: 2168–2172.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — CHRISTOPHER, J . & A. ABRAHAM. 1971. studies on the cytology and phylogeny of South Indian grasses I. Subfamilies Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, Arundinoideae and Festucoideae. Cytologia 36: 579-594.
CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Tateoka, T. 1955, 1956b ; Christo- pher, J. & Abraham, A. 1971 ; Olorode, O. 1975
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy92% within 1 km
≤100 m 335≤1 km 38≤10 km 22>10 km 12
407 georeferenced · 571 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor978
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy34% within 1 km
≤100 m 52≤1 km 65≤10 km 182>10 km 47
346 georeferenced · 643 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence989
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions61 of 96 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Canberra, AU
90
MeiseBGlocation not on record
70
Palmerston, AU
66
Guangzhou, CN
64
Brisbane, AU
55
Kensington, AU
40
Nishihara, JP
35
Taipei, TW
34
Christchurch, NZ
29
Beijing, CN
24
Tsukuba, JP
20
Mount Annan, AU
20
Chengdu, CN
19
Baroda, IN
17
Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record
16
Guilin, CN
14
Bronx, US
14
Kunming, CN
14
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
14
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
14
Adelaide, AU
13
HNBlocation not on record
13
Tokushima, JP
12
Saint Louis, US
11
Taipei, TW
10
GMBAlocation not on record
9
Auckland, NZ
9
Smithfield, AU
8
Seoul, KR
7
Hazara Universitylocation not on record
6
WAGlocation not on record
6
Frankfurt am Main
5
Odawara, JP
5
Honolulu, US
5
South Kensington, GB
4
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record
4
Chengdu, CN
4
Guangzhou, CN
4
John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record
4
Xiamen, CN
4
BGPAlocation not on record
3
Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record
3
Berlin, DE
3
Hobart, AU
3
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
3
Dehra Dun, IN
3
TAIElocation not on record
3
Yunnan Universitylocation not on record
3
James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record
3
Tampa, US
3
Nanjing, CN
3
Nishihara, JP
3
Yaoundé, CM
3
Kew, GB
3
Université National du Béninlocation not on record
3
EFGlocation not on record
3
EL PASO, US
2
Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record
2
Toyama, JP
2
HAWlocation not on record
2
Armidale, AU
2
Stockholm, SE
2
Edinburgh, GB
2
Pretoria, ZA
2
Columbia, US
2
Paris, FR
2
Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record
2
BISHlocation not on record
2
Philadelphia, US
2
Uppsala, SE
2
Université du Lomélocation not on record
2
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record
2
Rotorua, NZ
2
LDlocation not on record
2
Plocation not on record
2
Kagoshima, JP
2
Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record
1
Burlington, US
1
Wuhan, CN
1
Dresden, DE
1
Xining, CN
1
Institute for Agricultural Research of Mozambiquelocation not on record
1
Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record
1
Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Scienceslocation not on record
1
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Scienceslocation not on record
1
Bangkok, TH
1
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record
1
Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record
1
Pittsburg, US
1
Bloomington, US
1
Fort Worth, US
1
Haramaya Universitylocation not on record
1
Taipei, TW
1
KOMlocation not on record
1
Addis Ababa, ET
1
JP
1
96 institutions · 920 of 989 vouchered records shown · 69 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA1 detections
Where the DNA of Phragmites karka was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found1
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 1 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median17.1 °C 17.1–17.1
Seasonal swing summer↔winter21.4 °C
Max temp (day)21.5 °C
Min temp (night)10.0 °C
Precipitation36.7 mm/mo
Air humidity40.4 %
Moisture balance-119 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,173 Pa
Wind speed3.50 m/s
Cloud cover37.1 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility2 043 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI1 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗