Pentagramma triangularis, commonly known as the gold fern or the goldback fern, is a species of fern in the family Pteridaceae, native to Western North America, particularly to the state of California.Calflora . accessed 2.12.2013 Its common name "goldback" refers to the light yellow color of the fern's protective coating which inhibits moisture loss. The gold texture appears as a dry powder that is excreted on the underside of the fern. The Latin specific epithet Pentagramma derives from "five lines" or "stripes" while Triangularis derives from "three sided", describing the shape of the fern's five broad triangular fronds.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Pentagramma triangularis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pentagramma triangularis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens3
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences8
eDNA detections7
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL7★rbcLa
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualPentagramma triangularis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 604×CCDB · book-LoveLove1977 · CCDB · eflora
CCDB · book-LoveLove1977 — Alt & Grant 1960
CCDB · eflora
n 303×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Windham, M. D. & G. Yatskievych. 2003. Chromosome studies of cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) from the western United States and Mexico. Amer. J. Bot. 90(12): 1788–1800.
n 601×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Windham, M. D. & G. Yatskievych. 2003. Chromosome studies of cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) from the western United States and Mexico. Amer. J. Bot. 90(12): 1788–1800.
07Deep time~80.1 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin80.1 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard periods (Jurassic, Cretaceous…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. The dashed rules marked ✦ are the five great mass extinctions. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock originmass extinction
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type14 200 records
Wild obs. + sensor13 140
Museum / vouchered1 060
Origin
Native125
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO17 908 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy92% within 1 km
≤100 m 8 431≤1 km 1 095≤10 km 448>10 km 354
10 328 georeferenced · 2 812 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor13 140
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy69% within 1 km
≤100 m 98≤1 km 274≤10 km 157>10 km 12
541 georeferenced · 519 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 060
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions46 of 63 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
San Diego, US
251
Claremont, US
161
Arcata, US
65
DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record
57
Davis, US
51
Tacoma, US
40
Santa Barbara, US
39
Victoria, CA
37
ASUlocation not on record
36
Green Bay, US
35
Riverside, US
31
San Luis Obispo, US
24
Corvallis, US
15
Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record
14
Long Beach, US
12
CASlocation not on record
12
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
11
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
10
Northridge, US
10
Auckland, NZ
10
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
9
WTUlocation not on record
9
Irvine, US
9
EL PASO, US
8
Portland, US
7
Arizona State University Biocollectionslocation not on record
6
San Jose, US
5
Phoenix, US
5
Turlock, US
4
Ashland, US
4
Santa Cruz, US
4
Bronx, US
4
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
4
Pullman, US
3
Henderson, US
3
Logan, US
3
Ensenada, MX
3
Vancouver, CA
3
Chicago, US
3
Calabar, NG
3
Fort Worth, US
2
Saint Louis, US
2
Tampa, US
2
St. Paul, US
2
Burlington, US
2
Flagstaff, US
2
Moscow, US
2
Provo, US
2
Université Lavallocation not on record
2
STNFlocation not on record
2
Catalina Island Conservancylocation not on record
1
UC Berkeley, Blue Oak Ranch Reservelocation not on record
1
Miami, US
1
Tempe, US
1
Los Angeles, US
1
KNFSClocation not on record
1
Madison, US
1
Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record
1
US
1
Bend, US
1
Columbia, US
1
University of Lethbridgelocation not on record
1
Austin, US
1
63 institutions · 1 053 of 1 060 vouchered records shown · 7 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA7 detections
Where the DNA of Pentagramma triangularis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found7
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 7 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
Coastal Sage Scrub with Artemisia california…Coastal Sage Scrub with Artemisia californic…Chaparral and Oak Woodland with Adenostoma f…Near water tank along pole road; ruderal; di…Crevices of dry rock.
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median13.7 °C 12.7–16.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter10.2 °C
Max temp (day)18.6 °C 16.3–23.2
Min temp (night)9.70 °C 8.50–11.8
Precipitation59.3 mm/mo 6.60–74.8
Air humidity58.5 % 54.8–61.3
Moisture balance-38.4 mm/mo -149–-22.3
Vapour deficit729 Pa 619–814
Wind speed3.10 m/s 1.50–4.80
Cloud cover33.6 % 24.9–38.3
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility14 200 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics3 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗