Pakau pennigera

(G.Forst.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Thelypteridaceae/Pakau

At a glance

Occurrence records3 259

Data sources5

Biological traits21

DNA specimens0

eDNA detections0

Sources5 archives

Databases and archives Pakau pennigera's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 259 records↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

On this page5 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources21 traits

Chemical compositionNPASS18 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF3 259 records

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 144

01Narrative

Pneumatopteris pennigera, commonly known as lime fern, gully fern, feather fern and piupiu, is a small fern found in south eastern Australia and New Zealand. It grows along streams, and is also seen in areas of open forest. This fern is found in Tasmania, Victoria and New Zealand. Curiously, there is a record of it occurring in the northern Australian state of Queensland. But there is not a reliable record of it occurring in New South Wales, which is south of Queensland and north of the other locations where this plant is known to exist.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesGIFTAusTraitsTRY

Size & morphology6

Leaf length400 mm

Leaf length max1 050 mm

Leaf width20 mm

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 20 mm · GIFT: 250 mm

Leaf width max250 mm

Leaf width min250 mm

Plant height max1 m

Life cycle & reproduction7

Dispersal typewind

Life spanperennial

Pollination modeabiotic

Pollination syndromeabiotic

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: abiotic · GIFT: water

Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte

Reproduction asexualpresent

Resprouting capacityfire_killed

Habitat & environment5

Growth formherb

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · AusTraits: fern · TRY: F

Habitat GIFTCoastal

Leaf compoundnesscompound

Leaf shapeovate

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry3

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

Specific leaf area (SLA)24.65 mm²/mg

03Chemical composition18 compounds

Compounds documented for Pakau pennigera across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Anthraquinones and anthrones8

Cholestane steroids $ Ergostane steroids1

Cholestane steroids $ Stigmastane steroids1

Stigmastane steroids1

Cholestane steroids1

Documented compounds18 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(3R,8R,9R,10S,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(Z,2S,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	present	NPASS
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	present	NPASS
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	present	NPASS
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	present	NPASS
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	present	NPASS
BTCAEOLDEYPGGE-ZBGCTSDRSA-N	present	NPASS
Citreorosein	present	NPASS
Emodic Acid	present	NPASS
Emodin	present	NPASS
Fallacinal	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcodingmolecular

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pakau pennigera has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Pakau pennigera carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 144 n = 72

Chromosome records144–1442n range144median144mode2records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 1442×CCDB · new-zealand · CCDB · book-LoveLove1977

CCDB · new-zealand

CCDB · book-LoveLove1977 — Brownlie 1954

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type3 259 records

Wild obs. + sensor3 004

Museum / vouchered255

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO7 468 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy96% within 1 km

≤100 m 2 107≤1 km 355≤10 km 78>10 km 35

2 575 georeferenced · 429 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor3 004

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy50% within 1 km

≤100 m 2≤10 km 1>10 km 1

4 georeferenced · 251 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence255

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions4 of 4 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Wellington, NZ	229
Rotorua, NZ	18
Christchurch, NZ	7
Minia, EG	1

4 institutions · 255 of 255 vouchered records shown

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Pakau pennigera

At a glance

Sources5 archives

Size & morphology6

Life cycle & reproduction7

Habitat & environment5

Physiology & chemistry3

Compound class profile5 classes

Documented compounds18 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type3 259 records

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions4 of 4 geolocated

Record type3 259 records