Ornithogalum umbellatum
speciesAt a glance
Sources16 archives
Databases and archives Ornithogalum umbellatum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility117 982 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI6 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics11 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Floral diagramFrom centre outwards: Trilocular ovary, 6 stamens, 6 tepals Ornithogalum umbellatum, the garden star-of-Bethlehem, grass lily, nap-at-noon, or eleven-o'clock lady, a species of the genus Ornithogalum, is a perennial bulbous flowering plant in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). O. umbellatum is a relatively short plant, occurring in tufts of basal linear leaves, producing conspicuous white flowers, in a stellate pattern, in mid to late spring. The flowers open late in the day (hence some of its common names), but when closed have a green stripe on the outside. It is native throughout most of southern and central Europe, and north-western Africa. O. umbellatum is often grown as a garden ornamental, but in North America and other areas it has escaped cultivation and can be found in many areas, where it may become an invasive noxious weed. Parts of the plant are considered poisonous, but are used in some regional cuisines. Essences are also sold as patent remedies. O. umbellatum has been depicted in art by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, and folklore has suggested it originally grew from fragments of the star of Bethlehem, hence its horticultural name.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology13
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Ornithogalum umbellatum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds28 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CONVALLOTOXIN | 400 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ornithogalum umbellatum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Ornithogalum umbellatum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2736×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +11
2n 5430×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +7
2n 1817×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · poland +3
2n 4517×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +2
2n 3616×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · poland · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +3
2n 907×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 526×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 445×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 465×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 424×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 +1
2n 724×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 1084×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 162×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 282×CCDB · poland · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 141×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
2n 191×CCDB · poland
2n 351×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 431×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 471×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 531×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 551×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 1011×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 1041×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 276×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 +1
n 91×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 261×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
hexaploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type117 982 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions149 of 236 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 505 |
| LDlocation not on record | 188 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 159 |
| Görlitz, DE | 124 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 114 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 93 |
| Uppsala, SE | 85 |
| Olocation not on record | 80 |
| Philadelphia, US | 73 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 63 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 61 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 60 |
| College Park, US | 58 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 53 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 49 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 48 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 43 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 41 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 40 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 39 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 37 |
| Dresden, DE | 36 |
| Bloomington, US | 35 |
| Saint Louis, US | 30 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 28 |
| Williamsburg, US | 28 |
| Mlocation not on record | 27 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 24 |
| Bern, CH | 24 |
| Barcelona, ES | 24 |
| MAlocation not on record | 24 |
| Salamanca, ES | 23 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 22 |
| Bergen, NO | 22 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 20 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 20 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 19 |
| Córdoba, ES | 18 |
| Berlin, DE | 17 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 16 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 16 |
| Tartu, EE | 16 |
| Allentown, US | 16 |
| Bronx, US | 15 |
| Trondheim, NO | 15 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 15 |
| Madrid, ES | 14 |
| Appalachian State Universitylocation not on record | 14 |
| Badajoz, ES | 13 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 13 |
| South Kensington, GB | 12 |
| Helsinki, FI | 12 |
| Bangkok, TH | 12 |
| Adelaide, AU | 12 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 11 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 11 |
| Wlocation not on record | 11 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 10 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 9 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 9 |
| Zürich, CH | 9 |
| Vancouver, CA | 9 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| Millersville, US | 8 |
| Staten Island, US | 8 |
| BClocation not on record | 8 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 8 |
| Norfolk, US | 8 |
| Davenport, US | 7 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 7 |
| Bourges, FR | 7 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Odawara, JP | 7 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 7 |
| Columbia, US | 7 |
| Pittsburg, US | 7 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 6 |
| International Salmonella Centre (W.H.O.)location not on record | 6 |
| Knoxville, US | 6 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 6 |
| Corvallis, US | 6 |
| Fort Worth, US | 6 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 5 |
| Madison, US | 5 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 5 |
| Morgantown, US | 5 |
| València, ES | 5 |
| Hobart, AU | 5 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 5 |
| Tilburg, NL | 5 |
| Xiamen, CN | 5 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 5 |
| Burlington, US | 5 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 4 |
| Vitoria, ES | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Winterthur, CH | 4 |
| Washington, US | 4 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 4 |
| Nagano City, JP | 4 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 4 |
| US | 4 |
| Riverside, US | 4 |
| Boise, US | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 4 |
| Dekalb, US | 4 |
| Auckland, NZ | 4 |
| New Haven, US | 4 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 4 |
| IDElocation not on record | 4 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| Banyoles, ES | 4 |
| Alicante, ES | 4 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Bando, JP | 4 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 3 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 3 |
| GAlocation not on record | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 3 |
| Provo, US | 3 |
| Henderson State Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Turku, FI | 3 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 3 |
| Wellington, NZ | 3 |
| Fairfax, US | 3 |
| Oulu, FI | 3 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Chiba, JP | 3 |
| Québec, CA | 3 |
| Clemson, US | 3 |
| Fayetteville, US | 3 |
| Podgorica, ME | 3 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 3 |
| Jaén, ES | 3 |
| Canberra, AU | 3 |
| Tallinn, EE | 3 |
| Jurica-Suchy Nature Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fulda, DE | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| Gijón, ES | 2 |
| Victoria, CA | 2 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 2 |
| Mississippi State, US | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Coimbra, PT | 2 |
| Little Rock, US | 2 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 2 |
| PRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| Jackson, US | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 2 |
| Asheville, US | 2 |
| Johnson City, US | 2 |
| Macomb, US | 2 |
| University of Gdansk, Dept. of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservationlocation not on record | 2 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 2 |
| Richmond, US | 2 |
| Armidale, AU | 2 |
| Pocatello, US | 2 |
| Otaru, JP | 2 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 2 |
| Hudson, US | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| GB | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kochi, JP | 1 |
| Due West, US | 1 |
| ULBF-AGRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 1 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 1 |
| Emporia, US | 1 |
| Parkville, AU | 1 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 1 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Caldwell, US | 1 |
| Kuopio, FI | 1 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Pullman, US | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hamilton, US | 1 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Jefferson City, US | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| München, DE | 1 |
| H-Diewaldlocation not on record | 1 |
| Walla Walla, US | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Montréal, CA | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Black Rock Forest Consortiumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Chadron, US | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Firenze, IT | 1 |
| Ashland, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ornithogalum umbellatum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.