Ophrys
genusAt a glance
Sources6 archives
Databases and archives Ophrys's data was compiled from.
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Almost 2,000 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, and "nothospecies" (i.e. species of hybrid origin) within the genus. The number of species recognized varies very widely between authorities. Flora Europaea in 1980 and Pedersen & Faurholdt in 2007 listed about 20 species in Europe as a whole; Buttler in 1991 increased this to 53 for slightly larger geographical area; Delforge in 1995 gave a total of 130 species. By contrast, a molecular phylogenetic study in 2008 suggested that there were around 10 distinguishable groups. The need for further study is indicated. For the moment (May 2014), we follow the lead of Kew Botanical Garden's, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in provisionally recognizing the following taxa:Search for "Ophrys", Ophrys apifera (bee orchid) Ophrys apifera Huds. – Bee orchid - Central and southern Europe, North Africa, east to Iran Ophrys × arachnitiformis Gren. & Philippe - False spider orchid (hybrid O. fuciflora × O. sphegodes) - western and central Europe from France and Britain to Sicily and Hungary Ophrys argolica H.Fleischm. – Argolian bee-orchid Ophrys argolica subsp. aegaea (Kalteisen & H. R. Reinhard) H. A. Pedersen & Faurh. - Greek islands Ophrys argolica subsp. argolica - Greece Ophrys argolica subsp. biscutella (O. Danesch & E. Danesch) Kreutz - southern Italy, Croatia Ophrys argolica subsp. crabronifera (Sebast. & Mauri) Faurh. - central and southern Italy Ophrys argolica subsp. elegans (Renz) E. Nelson - Cyprus Ophrys argolica subsp. lesbis (Gölz & H. R. Reinhard) H. A. Pedersen & Faurh. - western Turkey and the Greek Islands Ophrys argolica subsp. lucis (Kalteisen & H. R. Reinhard) H. A. Pedersen & Faurh. - Turkey, Syria, Greek islands Ophrys atlantica Munby – Atlantic Bee-orchid - Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Ophrys bertolonii Moretti – Bertoloni's bee-orchid - from Spain to Serbia Ophrys bombyliflora (bumblebee orchid) Ophrys bombyliflora Link – Bumblebee orchid - Mediterranean Basin and Canary Islands Ophrys cilicica Schltr. – Cilician bee-orchid - Turkey, Syria, Iran (note that Cilicia means southern Turkey) Ophrys ferrum-equinum Desf. – Horseshoe bee-orchid - Albania, Greece, Turkey Ophrys ferrum-equinum subsp. ferrum-equinum - Albania, Greece, Turkey Ophrys ferrum-equinum subsp. gottfriediana (Renz) E.Nelson - Greece Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench – Late spider-orchid - from Britain to Iraq Ophrys fuciflora subsp. andria (P.Delforge) Faurh. - Greek islands Ophrys fuciflora subsp. apulica O.Danesch & E.Danesch - southern Italy including Sicily Ophrys fuciflora subsp. biancae (Tod.) Faurh. - Sicily Ophrys fuciflora subsp. bornmuelleri (M.Schulze) B.Willing & E.Willing - Turkey, Cyprus, Greek islands, Syria, Palestine, Israel, Iraq Ophrys fuciflora subsp. candica E.Nelson ex Soó - southern Italy including Sicily, plus Greece and Turkey Ophrys fuciflora subsp. chestermanii (J. J. Wood) H. Blatt & W. Wirth - Sardinia Ophrys fuciflora subsp. elatior (Paulus) R. Engel & Quentin Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia Ophrys fuciflora subsp. fuciflora - from Britain to Syria Ophrys fuciflora subsp. grandiflora (H. Fleischm. & Soó) Faurh. - Turkey, Cyprus Ophrys fuciflora subsp. lacaitae (Lojac.) Soó - Italy, Malta, Croatia Ophrys fuciflora subsp. oblita (Kreutz, Gügel & W. Hahn) Faurh., H. A. Pedersen & S. G. Christ - Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Israel Ophrys fuciflora subsp. oxyrrhynchos (Tod.) Soó - southern Italy including Sicily Ophrys fuciflora subsp. pallidiconi Faurh. - Turkey Ophrys fuciflora subsp. parvimaculata O. Danesch & E. Danesch - Italy Ophrys fuciflora var. ziyaretiana (Kreutz & Ruedi Peter) Faurh. & H. A. Pedersen - Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Israel Ophrys fusca (sombre bee-orchid) Ophrys fusca Link – Sombre bee-orchid, dark bee-orchid - from Portugal to Turkey Ophrys fusca subsp. blitopertha (Paulus & Gack) Faurh. & H.A.Pedersen - Turkey, Greek islands Ophrys fusca subsp. cinereophila (Paulus & Gack) Faurh.- Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria Ophrys fusca subsp. fusca - from Portugal to Turkey Ophrys fusca subsp. iricolor (Desf.) K.Richt. - from Portugal to Turkey Ophrys fusca subsp. pallida (Raf.) E. G. Camus in E. G. Camus & A. A. Camus - Sicily, Tunisia, Algeria Ophrys insectifera L. – Fly orchid - much of Europe from Spain to Russia and Finland Ophrys insectifera nothosubsp. tytecaeana P. Delforge - France Ophrys insectifera subsp. aymoninii Breistr. France, Spain Ophrys insectifera subsp. insectifera - much of Europe from Spain to Russia and Finland Ophrys isaura Renz & Taubenheim - Turkey Ophrys kojurensis Gölz - Iran Ophrys konyana Kreutz & Ruedi Peter - Turkey Ophrys kopetdagensis K.P. Popov & Neshat. - Turkmenistan Ophrys kotschyi H. Fleischm. & Soó – Cyprus bee-orchid, Kotschy's bee-orchid - Greece, Cyprus Ophrys kotschyi subsp. ariadnae (Paulus) Faurh. - Greek islands and mainland Ophrys kotschyi subsp. cretica (Soó) H.Sund. - Crete and other Greek islands Ophrys kotschyi subsp. kotschyi – Cyprus Ophrys kreutzii W.Hahn - Turkey Ophrys lepida S. Moingeon & J.-M. Moingeon - Sardinia Ophrys lunulata Parl. - Sicily Ophrys lutea (yellow bee-orchid) Ophrys lutea Cav. – Yellow bee-orchid - from Portugal and Morocco to Syria Ophrys lutea subsp. aspea (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Faurh. - Tunisia, Libya Ophrys lutea subsp. galilaea (H. Fleischm. & Bornm.) Soó - from Portugal and Morocco to Syria Ophrys lutea subsp. lutea - from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey Ophrys lutea subsp. melena Renz - Greece, Albania Ophrys lycia Renz & Taubenheim - Turkey Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. – Omega bee-orchid - from Portugal and Morocco to Syria Ophrys omegaifera var. basilissa (C. Alibertis, A. Alibertis & H.R. Reinhard) Faurh - Greece Ophrys omegaifera subsp. dyris (Maire) Del Prete - Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Balearic Islands Ophrys omegaifera subsp. fleischmannii (Hayek) Del Prete - Crete and other Greek islands Ophrys omegaifera subsp. hayekii (H. Fleischm. & Soó) Kreutz - Sicily, Algeria, Tunisia Ophrys omegaifera subsp. israelitica (H. Baumann & Künkele) G. Morschek & K. Morschek - Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, Greece Ophrys omegaifera subsp. omegaifera - Turkey, Greek islands Ophrys omegaifera subsp. apollonae or Ophrys apollonae - Greek islands, Turkey Ophrys pseudomammosa Renz - Turkey, Greece Ophrys reinholdii (Reinhold's bee-orchid) Ophrys reinholdii Spruner ex Fleischm. – Reinhold's bee-orchid - from Croatia to Turkey Ophrys reinholdii subsp. antiochiana (H. Baumann & Künkele) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz - Turkey, Syria Ophrys reinholdii subsp. reinholdii - from Croatia to Turkey Ophrys reinholdii subsp. straussii (H. Fleischm.) E. Nelson - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Cyprus, Greek islands Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm. - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon Ophrys scolopax Cav. – Woodcock bee-orchid - from Morocco and Portugal to Hungary and Iran Ophrys scolopax subsp. apiformis (Desf.) Maire & Weiller - Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco Ophrys scolopax subsp. conradiae (Melki & Deschâtres) H.Baumann & al. - Corsica, Sardinia, Italy Ophrys scolopax subsp. cornuta (Steven) E.G. Camus - Italy, Hungary, the Balkans, Crimea, Turkey, Caucasus Ophrys scolopax subsp. heldreichii (Schltr.) E.Nelson Greece, Turkey Ophrys scolopax var. minutula (Gölz & H.R. Reinhard) H.A. Pedersen & Faurh - Turkey, Greek islands Ophrys scolopax subsp. rhodia (H.Baumann & Künkele) H.A. Pedersen & Faurh. - Greek islands Ophrys scolopax subsp. scolopax - from Portugal to Iran Ophrys speculum (mirror bee orchid) Ophrys speculum Link – Mirror bee-orchid, mirror orchid - from Portugal to Syria Ophrys speculum subsp. lusitanica O.Danesch & E.Danesch - Spain, Portugal Ophrys speculum subsp. regis-ferdinandii (Acht. & Kellerer ex Renz) Soó - Turkey, Greek islands Ophrys speculum subsp. speculum - from Portugal to Syria Ophrys sphegodes Mill. – Early spider-orchid - from Britain and Portugal to Iran Ophrys sphegodes nothosubsp. jeanpertii (E.G. Camus) Del Prete & Conte - France, Spain, Balkans (O. sphegodes subsp. araneola × O. sphegodes subsp. sphegodes) Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aesculapii (Renz) Soó ex J.J.Wood - Greece Ophrys sphegodes subsp. araneola (Rchb.) M.Laínz - Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs - from Portugal to Serbia Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aveyronensis J.J.Wood - France, Spain Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana Kreutz - European Turkey Ophrys sphegodes subsp. cretensis H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands Ophrys sphegodes subsp. epirotica (Renz) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard - Albania, Greece Ophrys sphegodes subsp. gortynia H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands Ophrys sphegodes subsp. helenae (Renz) Soó & D.M.Moore - Albania, Greece Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Soó ex E.Nelson - from the Balkans to Turkmenistan Ophrys sphegodes subsp. passionis (Sennen) Sanz & Nuet - France, Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, mainland Italy Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sipontensis (R.Lorenz & Gembardt) H.A.Pedersen & Faurh. - Apulia Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes - from Britain and Spain to Hungary and the Balkans Ophrys sphegodes subsp. spruneri (Nyman) E.Nelson - Crete and other Greek islands Ophrys tenthredinifera Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd. - from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey Ophrys tremoris Gämperle & Gölz - Turkey Ophrys ulupinara W.Hahn - Turkey Ophrys umbilicata Desf. - from the Balkans to Iran Ophrys umbilicata subsp. beerii Shifman - Israel Ophrys umbilicata subsp. bucephala (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Biel - Turkey and the Greek islands Ophrys umbilicata subsp. calycadniensis Perschke - Turkey Ophrys umbilicata subsp. flavomarginata (Renz) Faurh. - Cyprus, Syria, Israel Ophrys umbilicata subsp. lapethica (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Faurh. - Cyprus Ophrys umbilicata subsp. latakiana (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Faurh. & H.A.Pedersen - Turkey, Syria Ophrys umbilicata subsp. umbilicata - from the Balkans to Iran Ophrys urteae Paulus - Turkey Ophrys zagrica Gölz - Iran Ophrys sulcata - MHNT
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ophrys has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
Record type6 222 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions26 of 48 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 277 |
| Uppsala, SE | 134 |
| LDlocation not on record | 121 |
| Paris, FR | 101 |
| Wlocation not on record | 38 |
| València, ES | 33 |
| Canberra, AU | 25 |
| BClocation not on record | 23 |
| Zürich, CH | 16 |
| Berlin, DE | 14 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 11 |
| Xiamen, CN | 10 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 8 |
| Zürich, CH | 8 |
| MHNAIXlocation not on record | 7 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 6 |
| Vitoria, ES | 6 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 6 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Salamanca, ES | 4 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 4 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 4 |
| Chicago, US | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Barcelona, ES | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 2 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bronx, US | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Copenhagen, DK | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ophrys was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.