Onoclea sensibilis
speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Onoclea sensibilis's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation11 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility85 627 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI21 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics22 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Onoclea sensibilis, the sensitive fern, also known as the bead fern, is a coarse-textured, medium to large-sized deciduous perennial fern. The name comes from its sensitivity to frost, the fronds dying quickly when first touched by it. It is sometimes treated as the only species in Onoclea, but some authors do not consider the genus monotypic.Christenhusz, M. J. M., et al. (2011)
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology4
Life cycle & reproduction9
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment8
Physiology & chemistry6
Compounds documented for Onoclea sensibilis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile4 classes
Documented compounds10 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (3R,3'R,13-cis)-beta,beta-Carotene-3,3'-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| Adonixanthin | present | LOTUS | |
| beta-Carotene | present | LOTUS | |
| Cryptoxanthin | present | LOTUS | |
| Lutein | present | LOTUS | |
| Lutein 5,6-epoxide | present | LOTUS | |
| Rhodoxanthin | present | LOTUS | |
| trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate | present | LOTUS | |
| Violaxanthin | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Onoclea sensibilis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Onoclea sensibilis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 7411×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +3
n 373×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · Cave1956supp
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type85 627 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions129 of 213 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Philadelphia, US | 649 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 549 |
| St. Paul, US | 421 |
| Madison, US | 311 |
| Québec, CA | 148 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 134 |
| Burlington, US | 132 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 126 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 126 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 121 |
| Chicago, US | 120 |
| Green Bay, US | 120 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 117 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 99 |
| Montréal, CA | 94 |
| Bloomington, US | 94 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 84 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 84 |
| Bronx, US | 81 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 81 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 71 |
| Saint John, CA | 68 |
| New Haven, US | 68 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 64 |
| Fort Worth, US | 59 |
| College Park, US | 57 |
| Williamsburg, US | 52 |
| Saint Louis, US | 49 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 49 |
| Jackson, US | 43 |
| Toyama, JP | 39 |
| Morgantown, US | 38 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 38 |
| Bangkok, TH | 36 |
| Allentown, US | 36 |
| Millersville, US | 32 |
| WINlocation not on record | 32 |
| Tampa, US | 29 |
| Columbia, US | 28 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 27 |
| Durham, US | 26 |
| Toronto, CA | 25 |
| Knoxville, US | 24 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 23 |
| Lincoln, US | 23 |
| Staten Island, US | 22 |
| LDlocation not on record | 21 |
| GAlocation not on record | 21 |
| Chadron, US | 20 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 20 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 19 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 19 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 18 |
| US | 18 |
| University of Calgarylocation not on record | 18 |
| US | 17 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 16 |
| Texas A&M Universitylocation not on record | 15 |
| Austin, US | 14 |
| Dekalb, US | 14 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 14 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 14 |
| Brookings, US | 14 |
| Auckland, NZ | 13 |
| New Brunswick, US | 13 |
| Hudson, US | 13 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 12 |
| Whitewater, US | 12 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 12 |
| Kingston, US | 12 |
| Trois-Rivières, CA | 12 |
| NSMKlocation not on record | 11 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 11 |
| Mississippi State, US | 11 |
| Davenport, US | 11 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 10 |
| Clemson, US | 9 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 9 |
| Miami, US | 9 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 9 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 9 |
| Flagstaff, US | 9 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 9 |
| Norfolk, US | 9 |
| Philadelphia, US | 8 |
| Vancouver, CA | 8 |
| Chicago, US | 8 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 8 |
| Waverly, US | 7 |
| GB | 7 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Paris, FR | 7 |
| Beijing, CN | 7 |
| University of Winnipeglocation not on record | 7 |
| South Kensington, GB | 7 |
| Washington, US | 7 |
| Minia, EG | 6 |
| Shanghai, CN | 6 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 6 |
| Bando, JP | 6 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Montréal, CA | 6 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 6 |
| Pittsburg, US | 6 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 5 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 5 |
| Denver, US | 5 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 5 |
| US | 5 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 5 |
| Tempe, US | 5 |
| Pullman, US | 5 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 4 |
| EL PASO, US | 4 |
| Moscow, US | 4 |
| Little Rock, US | 4 |
| Kew, GB | 4 |
| Logan, US | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 3 |
| Macomb, US | 3 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Springfield, US | 3 |
| Chicago, US | 3 |
| Long Beach, US | 3 |
| Asheville, US | 3 |
| Science Museum of Minnesotalocation not on record | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| USFS/BHSClocation not on record | 3 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Edmonton, CA | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 3 |
| Guilin, CN | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hamilton, US | 2 |
| Conway, US | 2 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Provo, US | 2 |
| Durham, US | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Tampere, FI | 2 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 2 |
| Uppsala, SE | 2 |
| Denton, US | 2 |
| 东北师范大学自然博物馆location not on record | 2 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 2 |
| Conway, US | 2 |
| Fairfax, US | 2 |
| Northeastern Forestry Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 2 |
| Jefferson City, US | 2 |
| Oswego, US | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| Brussel, BE | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| West Virginia Wesleyan Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Xining, CN | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| PHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Russellville, US | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universite de Montreal, L'Herbier Marie-Victorinlocation not on record | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Richmond, US | 1 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record | 1 |
| Parkville, AU | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| Cincinnati, US | 1 |
| University of South Carolina Salkehatchielocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Fargo, US | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bruce Peninsula National Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| ENHMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Onoclea sensibilis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.