Microlepia strigosa, known as hay-scented fern, lace fern, rigid lace fern and palapalai, is a fern indigenous to the Hawaiian islands and is also native to other parts of the tropics and subtropics including India and Malaysia. This fern belongs to a group of about seventy Microlepia species in the bracken or hay-scented fern family (Dennstaedtiaceae). There are two indigenous species and a hybrid found in the main Hawaiian Islands. It is also known by the botanical names: Davallia hirta, Davallia setosa, Davallia strigosa, Dicksonia kaulfussiana, Dicksonia strigosa, Microlepia hirta, Microlepia setosa, Stenoloma tenuifolium, Trichomanes strigosum. It has coarse, light to medium green fronds which can grow to more than 3 ft long.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Microlepia strigosa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Microlepia strigosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes1
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections4
Countries4
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★rbcL10
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualMicrolepia strigosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Darnaedi, D. 1992. A preliminary cytological study of fern flora of Cede-Pangrango National Park (west Java). Pp. 73–78 <in> J.–l. Tsai & W.–c. Shieh (editors), Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Asian Pteridology Taiwan 17–22 March 1992. National Chung Hsing University and National Science Council.
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — KURITA, S. 1972. Chromosome numbers of some Japanese Ferns (8). Ann. Rep. Foreign Students Coll. Chiba Univ. 3: 47-53.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Weng, R. f. & S. p. Qiu. 1988. Chromosome counts of some ferns from Zhejiang. Invest. Stud. Nat. 8: 43–52.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Punetha, N. 1989. Cytological observations on ferns of Kumaon (N. W. Himalaya). Aspects Pl. Sci. 11: 459–465.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Mitui, K. 1976a. Chromosome numbers of some ferns in the Ryukyu Islands. J. Jap. Bot. 51: 33–41.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — MITUI, K. 1968. Chromosomes and speciation in ferns. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Sect. B 13: 285-333.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Mitui 1976a
07Deep time~0.49 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin0.49 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type4 322 records
Wild obs. + sensor1 976
Museum / vouchered2 277
Other69
Origin
Native75
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO8 292 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy93% within 1 km
≤100 m 761≤1 km 145≤10 km 37>10 km 35
978 georeferenced · 998 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor1 976
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy51% within 1 km
≤100 m 20≤1 km 47≤10 km 60>10 km 4
131 georeferenced · 2 146 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 277
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions64 of 92 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Tsukuba, JP
989
Taipei, TW
145
Chengdu, CN
123
Beijing, CN
85
Kochi, JP
78
Odawara, JP
76
TAIElocation not on record
74
Nishihara, JP
71
Osaka, JP
43
Kew, GB
41
Nagano City, JP
40
Sanda, JP
39
Sendai, JP
36
Toyama, JP
24
Tokushima, JP
23
Guangzhou, CN
22
Paris, FR
21
Chicago, US
19
Taipei, TW
16
Bronx, US
16
Honolulu, US
13
NSMKlocation not on record
13
Nanjing, CN
12
KR
12
Nishihara, JP
10
National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record
10
HAWlocation not on record
9
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
9
Wellington, NZ
8
Kunming, CN
7
Auckland, NZ
7
Seoul, KR
6
Saint Louis, US
6
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
5
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
5
Shanghai, CN
5
Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record
5
Ann Arbor, US
5
Xiamen, CN
5
Canberra, AU
5
Kagoshima, JP
5
Vancouver, CA
5
Christchurch, NZ
5
LDlocation not on record
5
Chiba, JP
4
Hangzhou, CN
4
Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record
4
Edinburgh, GB
4
Nanchong, CN
3
KOMlocation not on record
3
WTUlocation not on record
3
JP
3
Kensington, AU
3
Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record
3
Fort Worth, US
3
Kyoto Universitylocation not on record
3
Stockholm, SE
2
Xian, CN
2
Philadelphia, US
2
ENHMlocation not on record
2
Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record
2
Claremont, US
2
Burlington, US
2
Guiyang, CN
2
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
1
Mount Annan, AU
1
Brisbane, AU
1
CASlocation not on record
1
Chapel Hill, US
1
Bloomington, US
1
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record
1
South Kensington, GB
1
Sagamihara, JP
1
Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
1
Tampa, US
1
Guilin, CN
1
Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record
1
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
1
Santa Barbara, US
1
Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record
1
Yunnan Universitylocation not on record
1
Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record
1
US
1
Taipei, TW
1
KIRMlocation not on record
1
Bando, JP
1
MAlocation not on record
1
Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record
1
Riverside, US
1
Corvallis, US
1
Chengdu, CN
1
Denver, US
1
92 institutions · 2 242 of 2 277 vouchered records shown · 33 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA4 detections
Where the DNA of Microlepia strigosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found4
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 4 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median9.20 °C 7.80–10.6
Seasonal swing summer↔winter25.4 °C
Max temp (day)11.8 °C 10.0–13.5
Min temp (night)4.40 °C 3.30–5.60
Precipitation299 mm/mo 263–335
Air humidity62.2 % 60.0–64.4
Moisture balance198 mm/mo 146–250
Vapour deficit480 Pa 438–521
Wind speed2.90 m/s
Cloud cover44.9 % 44.6–45.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 322 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗