Mercurialis perennis
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records431 265
Data sources13
Biological traits41
DNA specimens33
eDNA detections25
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Mercurialis perennis's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation11 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility431 265 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI25 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics33 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources41 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS2 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF431 265 records
Environmental DNA3 datasets · 8 countries25 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD33 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT2.3 Gbp
01Narrative
Mercurialis perennis, commonly known as dog's mercury, is a poisonous woodland plant found in much of Europe as well as in Algeria, Iran, Turkey, and the Caucasus, but almost absent from Ireland, Orkney and Shetland.Altervista Flora Italiana, Mercorella bastarda, Mercurialis perennis L. includes photos, drawings, and a European distribution map A member of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), it is a herbaceous, downy perennial with erect stems bearing simple, serrate leaves. The dioecious inflorescences are green, bearing inconspicuous flowers from February to April. It characteristically forms dense, extensive carpets on the floor of woodlands and beneath hedgerows.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology10
Leaf mass83.87 mg
Leaf size316 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 316 mm² · LEDA: 1 890 mm² · GIFT: 1 890 mm²
Plant height0.217 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.217 m · LEDA: 0.225 m · TRY: 0.165 m
Plant height generative0.273 m
Plant height max0.4 m
Plant height min0.15 m
Seed length2.89 mm
Seed mass6.27 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 6.27 mg · LEDA: 2.17 mg · GIFT: 5.8 mg
Seed mass max7.9 mg
Seed mass min2.15 mg
Life cycle & reproduction12
Deciduousnesssemi-evergreen
⚠ sources differ — TRY: semi-evergreen · GIFT: deciduous
Dispersal typeself
Flowering endMay
Flowering startApr
Life formperennial
Life spanperennial
Lifespan years3 years
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte
⚠ sources differ — LEDA: Hemicryptophyte · GIFT: cryptophyte
Reproduction asexualabsent
Seed number14
Self fertilizationabsent
Diet & foraging2
Carnivorynon-carnivorous
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment8
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTforest
Mycorrhiza typearbuscular
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry8
Leaf C:N ratio15.65 g/g
Leaf c403 mg/g
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)209 mg/g
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 209 mg/g · LEDA: 224 mg/g
Leaf n29.83 mg/g
Leaf p2.43 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)40.97 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 40.97 mm²/mg · LEDA: 26.4 mm²/mg · GIFT: 25.68 mm²/mg
Other traits1
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
03Chemical composition2 compounds
Compounds documented for Mercurialis perennis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Documented compounds2 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-Methoxy-5-(4-methoxy-1-methyl-2,5,6-trioxo-3-pyridinyl)-1-methylpyridine-2,3,6-trione | present | LOTUS | |
| 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-3H-pyridine-2,6-dione | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding33 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Mercurialis perennis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens33
Marker genes6
eDNA detections25
Countries8
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS1★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Mercurialis perennis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size2 317 011 734 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Mercurialis perennis2.32 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 64 n = 32
Ploidypolyploid inferred
Chromosome records42–1122n range64median64mode74records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 6444×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +6
GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J., Murín A., Feráková V., Hindáková M., Schwarzová T., Uhríková A., Váchová M. & Záborský J., 1987: Karyotaxonomický prehľad flóry Slovenska. Veda, Bratislava.
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. & Uhríková A., 1990b: Mercurialis perennis L. in der Slowakei. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 37: 41-51.
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. et al., 1978: Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 6). - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 26: 1-42.
CCDB · slov-fl — Migra V., 1982: Zytotaxonomische Probleme ausgewählter Taxa der Flora des Babia Hora - Bergmassivs (Gebirge Západné Beskydy) I. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 29: 87-95.
CCDB · slov-fl — Uhríková A. & Májovský J., 1978: [Report], pp. 378-379. - In: Löve Á. (ed.), IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXI, Taxon 27 /4.
CCDB · slov-fl — Feráková V., Kochjarová J., Králik E., Schwarzová T. & Záborský J., 1997: Cievnaté rastliny, pp. 86-156. - In: Feráková V. & Kocianová E. (eds), Flóra, geológia a paleontológia Devínskej Kobyly. Litera, Bratislava.
CCDB · slov-fl — Mičieta K., 1981: Zytotaxonomische Probleme einiger Pflanzensippen des Javorníky - Gebirges. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 28: 95-104.
CCDB · brit-fl — Wentworth, J.E., Bailey, J.P., Gornall, R.J. Watsonia 18: 415-418 (1991)
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribuiao para o conhecimento citotaxonmico das spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae Queirs, M.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 249: 143-161(1975).
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3092
CCDB · fl-europaea — Gadella & Kliphuis
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Wentworth, J. E., J. P. Bailey & R. J. Gornall. 1991. Contributions to a cytological catalogue of the British and Irish flora, 1. Watsonia 18: 415–417.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Májovský, J. & A. Uhríková. 1990. Mercurialis perennis L. in der Slowakei. Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Bot. 37: 41–51.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Queiros, M. 1975a. Contribuicao para o conhecimento citotaxonomico das Spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 49: 143–161.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Lippert. 2006. Chromosomenzahlen von Pflanzen aus Bayern und anderen Gebieten. Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 76: 85–110.
CCDB · kew — Bennett MD. 1972. Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences. 181:109-135
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Lippert, W. (2006). Chromosomenzahlen von Pflanzen aus Bayern und anderen Gebieten Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 76: 85–110
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Queirós, M. (1975b). Contribuiçao para o conhecimento citotaxonómico das Spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae. Bol. Soc. Brot. 49: 143-161.
2n 429×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-fedorov +1
CCDB · fl-europaea — Baksay, 1957b
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Druskovic, B. & M. Lovka. 1995. IOPB chromosome data 9. Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. (Zurich) 24: 15–19.
CCDB · book-fedorov — Baksay 1957b,.1959
CCDB · book-fedorov — Meurman 1924
CCDB · book-fedorov — Tischler 1934
CCDB · book-fedorov — Perry B. A. 1943
CCDB · book-fedorov — Gadella, Kliphuis 1963
CCDB · book-fedorov — Gadella, Kliphuis 1967
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Druskovic, B. & Lovka, M. (1995). IOPB Chromosome Data 9 (ed. C.A. Stace). Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. 24: 15-19.
2n 806×CCDB · poland · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · poland — Skali?ska M., Pogan E., Czapik R. et al. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Twelfth contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 21, 31-63.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Lövkvist, B. & U. M. Hultgård. 1999. Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot. 137: 1–42.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Skalinska, M. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish angiosperms. Twelfth contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31–63.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Skalinska, M., E. Pogan, R. CZAPIK & e. al. 1978. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish angiosperms. XII. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31–63.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Lövkvist, B. & Hultgård, U.-M. (1999). Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants Opera botanica 137: 1-42
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — M?sí?ek J. et Jarolímová-Jav?rková V. (1992). List of chromosome numbers of the Czech vascular plants. Academia, Praha. p. 1-144.
2n 843×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · fl-europaea — Gadella & Kliphuis
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — GADELLA, Th. W. J., & E. KLIPHUIS. 1967. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants in the Netherlands III. Proc. Roy. Neth. Acad. Sci. Ser. c. 70: 7-20.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Castroviejo & al. (2003). Flora Iberica (vol. I-VIII, X, XIV) Publicaciones del CSIC Madrid
2n 562×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Jav|0urková-Jarolímová, V. 1992. In J. M|3esí|3ccek & V. Jav@0urková-Jarolímová, List of Chromosome Numbers of the Czech Vascular Plants. Academia, Praha.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Javurková-Jarolímová, V. (1992). List of Chromosome Numbers of the Czech Vascular Plants. In J. Mesíccek & V. Javurková-Jarolímová. Academia, Praha Praha
2n 662×CCDB · fl-europaea · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · fl-europaea — Gadella & Kliphuis
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Castroviejo & al. (2003). Flora Iberica (vol. I-VIII, X, XIV) Publicaciones del CSIC Madrid
2n 511×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 521×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 541×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 581×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. (1984). The polyploid and aneuploid complex of Mercurialis perennis L. in the canton of Neuchatel. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise de Sciences Naturelles 107: 39-54
2n 611×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. (1984). The polyploid and aneuploid complex of Mercurialis perennis L. in the canton of Neuchatel. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise de Sciences Naturelles 107: 39-54
2n 781×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — M?sí?ek J. et Jarolímová-Jav?rková V. (1992). List of chromosome numbers of the Czech vascular plants. Academia, Praha. p. 1-144.
2n 791×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — M?sí?ek J. et Jarolímová-Jav?rková V. (1992). List of chromosome numbers of the Czech vascular plants. Academia, Praha. p. 1-144.
2n 861×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 881×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 941×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 1011×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 1111×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
2n 1121×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Krähenbühl, M. & Küpfer, P. (1995). Le genre Mercurialis (Euphorbiaceae): cytoge|3ographie et e|3volution du complexe polyploïde des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc. Candollea 50(2): 411-430
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
07Deep time~26.3 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin26.3 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type431 265 records
Wild obs. + sensor416 063
Museum / vouchered9 858
Cultivated / captive834
Other4 510
Origin
Native33 731
Introduced90
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO344 280 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy51% within 1 km
≤100 m 94 797≤1 km 86 732≤10 km 172 158>10 km 1 945
355 632 georeferenced · 60 431 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor416 063
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy34% within 1 km
≤100 m 559≤1 km 1 947≤10 km 4 478>10 km 386
7 370 georeferenced · 2 488 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence9 858
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 7>10 km 10
17 georeferenced · 817 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living834
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions69 of 145 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 4 473 |
| LDlocation not on record | 375 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 356 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 347 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 343 |
| Olocation not on record | 329 |
| Helsinki, FI | 326 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 323 |
| Salzburg, AT | 310 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 304 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 225 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 110 |
| Görlitz, DE | 78 |
| Bergen, NO | 78 |
| Tartu, EE | 75 |
| Tallinn, EE | 71 |
| Turku, FI | 58 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 56 |
| Trondheim, NO | 55 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 55 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 51 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 51 |
| Oulu, FI | 47 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 44 |
| Vitoria, ES | 41 |
| MAlocation not on record | 39 |
| South Kensington, GB | 35 |
| Bern, CH | 30 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 28 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 27 |
| Philadelphia, US | 27 |
| Mlocation not on record | 26 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 26 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 25 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 23 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 23 |
| València, ES | 22 |
| Uppsala, SE | 22 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 21 |
| Chicago, US | 20 |
| BClocation not on record | 18 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 17 |
| Voronezh State Universitylocation not on record | 17 |
| Dresden, DE | 17 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 15 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 15 |
| Berlin, DE | 15 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 12 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 12 |
| Kuopio, FI | 12 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 12 |
| Wlocation not on record | 11 |
| Salamanca, ES | 11 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 11 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 10 |
| Barcelona, ES | 10 |
| Pamplona, ES | 10 |
| Fulda, DE | 9 |
| Stockholm, SE | 9 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 9 |
| PRClocation not on record | 9 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 8 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 6 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 6 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 6 |
| Tilburg, NL | 6 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 6 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 6 |
| Porvoo, FI | 6 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 6 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 6 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Paris, FR | 5 |
| Glarus, CH | 5 |
| Monastir, TN | 5 |
| Bourges, FR | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 4 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 4 |
| Pamplona, ES | 4 |
| nbflocation not on record | 4 |
| Zürich, CH | 4 |
| Wellington, NZ | 4 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 3 |
| Durham, US | 3 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 3 |
| Winterthur, CH | 3 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 3 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| Dekalb, US | 3 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 3 |
| Madrid, ES | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 2 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| Göteborg, SE | 2 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 2 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 2 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sevilla, ES | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 2 |
| Saint Louis, US | 2 |
| The State Museum-Preserve "The Kulikovo pole"location not on record | 2 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 2 |
| München, DE | 1 |
| St. Paul, US | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| ULBF-AGRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Dunkellocation not on record | 1 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Botanic Garden of Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fribourg, CH | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| *unvoucheredlocation not on record | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Jaén, ES | 1 |
| Gijón, ES | 1 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 1 |
145 institutions · 9 467 of 9 858 vouchered records shown · 299 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA25 detections
Where the DNA of Mercurialis perennis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found25
Studies independent surveys3
Countries8
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 25 detections have coordinates
Open the map8 countries0
edge of woodPalearctic
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median9.20 °C -2.50–14.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter18.9 °C
Max temp (day)11.8 °C 0.9–18.9
Min temp (night)5.80 °C -7.30–9.30
Precipitation86.6 mm/mo 61.0–175
Air humidity61.9 % 58.3–66.2
Moisture balance18.1 mm/mo -44.2–118
Vapour deficit415 Pa 219–782
Wind speed4.80 m/s 2.60–6.90
Cloud cover46.7 % 40.9–52.0
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 21 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.