Malus
Mill. · genusAt a glance
Sources10 archives
Databases and archives Malus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation20 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility45 810 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI328 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
foodatlascompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
DISPLAYTITLE Malus × robusta, called Siberian crab apple along with other members of its genus, is a hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is the result of a cross between Malus baccata (Siberian crab apple) and Malus prunifolia (plum-leaved crab apple). It is being studied for its resistance potential to fire blight. Known for its attractive fruit that remain on the tree well into winter, its cultivar 'Red Sentinel' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology1
Life cycle & reproduction21
Habitat & environment18
Physiology & chemistry19
Uses & economy16
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Malus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds39 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Caryophyllene | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,2S,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,10R,12aS,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (E)-β-farnesene | present | LOTUS | |
| (S)-p-Menth-1-en-4-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene | present | LOTUS | |
| (Z)-Resveratrol | present | LOTUS | |
| 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| 1-[2,6-Dihydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| 3,3',4'5-Tetrahydroxystilbene | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Malus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard periods (Jurassic, Cretaceous…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. The dashed rules marked ✦ are the five great mass extinctions. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Malus. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
How it livedPBDB
Record type45 817 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions126 of 207 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Beijing, CN | 429 |
| Kunming, CN | 250 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 220 |
| Tartu, EE | 113 |
| Yangling, CN | 104 |
| Olocation not on record | 100 |
| ROM043location not on record | 93 |
| Denver, US | 75 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 73 |
| Görlitz, DE | 70 |
| Saint Louis, US | 70 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 66 |
| Chengdu, CN | 63 |
| ifplocation not on record | 42 |
| Chengdu, CN | 41 |
| Mlocation not on record | 40 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 36 |
| Bronx, US | 35 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 32 |
| Uppsala, SE | 28 |
| Auckland, NZ | 28 |
| Shanghai, CN | 27 |
| Helsinki, FI | 24 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 23 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 23 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 22 |
| Cambridge, US | 21 |
| Paris, FR | 20 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 19 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 19 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 19 |
| Wuhan, CN | 18 |
| Emporia, US | 18 |
| Bangkok, TH | 17 |
| LDlocation not on record | 16 |
| Xining, CN | 16 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 13 |
| Nanjing, CN | 13 |
| Parkville, AU | 13 |
| Vitoria, ES | 13 |
| Vancouver, CA | 12 |
| Nanjing, CN | 12 |
| Nanjing, CN | 12 |
| Nagano City, JP | 12 |
| Lincoln, US | 12 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 12 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 11 |
| Millersville, US | 11 |
| Canberra, AU | 11 |
| Salzburg, AT | 10 |
| Wuhan, CN | 10 |
| Chinese Academy of Forestrylocation not on record | 9 |
| Changsha, CN | 9 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 9 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 8 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 8 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 8 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Kuopio, FI | 8 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 8 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 7 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 7 |
| Chengdu, CN | 7 |
| Madison, US | 7 |
| MAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Philadelphia, US | 7 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 6 |
| Miami, US | 6 |
| Kew, GB | 6 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 6 |
| nlocation not on record | 6 |
| St. Paul, US | 5 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 5 |
| Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld)location not on record | 5 |
| Seoul, KR | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 5 |
| SCAUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 4 |
| Turku, FI | 4 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 4 |
| SDFlocation not on record | 4 |
| Bergen, NO | 4 |
| BClocation not on record | 4 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 4 |
| Adelaide, AU | 4 |
| Bern, CH | 4 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 3 |
| 3 | |
| Dover, US | 3 |
| Guilin, CN | 3 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 3 |
| Shanghai, CN | 3 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 3 |
| PRClocation not on record | 3 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Hobart, AU | 3 |
| Urumqi, CN | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Davenport, US | 3 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 3 |
| Toronto, CA | 3 |
| Oulu, FI | 3 |
| Claremont, US | 3 |
| Clemson, US | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| New Haven, US | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 2 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| Podgorica, ME | 2 |
| Riverside, US | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| College Park, US | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 2 |
| Xian, CN | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Forssa, FI | 2 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| Science Museum of Minnesotalocation not on record | 2 |
| Durango, MX | 2 |
| Sanda, JP | 2 |
| València, ES | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Williamsburg, US | 2 |
| Green Bay, US | 2 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 2 |
| Beijing, CN | 2 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fayetteville, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Tacoma, US | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Shanxi Institute of Biologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 1 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| VALElocation not on record | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Johnson City, US | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 1 |
| ARM059location not on record | 1 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 1 |
| Montréal, CA | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanchong, CN | 1 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Norfolk, US | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Scienceslocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| New Brunswick, US | 1 |
| AZE015location not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet w Białymstokulocation not on record | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| ENTClocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record | 1 |
| Capital Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Central China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Albuquerque, US | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 1 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Malus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Measured at samplingin-field
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.