Maclura pomifera
(Raf. ex Sarg.) C.K.Schneid. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Maclura pomifera's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation15 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility26 802 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics11 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange ( ), bois d'arc, horse apple, hedge, or hedge apple tree, is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing about 8 to(-) tall. The distinctive fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, bumpy, 3 to(-) in diameter, and turns bright yellow-green in the fall. The fruits secrete a sticky white latex when cut or damaged. Despite the name "Osage orange", it is not related to the orange. It is a member of the mulberry family, Moraceae. Due to its latex secretions and woody pulp, the fruit is typically not eaten by humans and rarely by foraging animals, giving it distinction as an anachronistic "ghost of evolution". Maclura pomifera has been known by a variety of English common names in addition to Osage orange, including mock orange, hedge apple, horse apple, monkey ball, monkey brains and yellow-wood; while the French common name bois d'arc ("bow-wood") has been corrupted into the English forms bodark and bodock.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology19
Life cycle & reproduction32
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment30
Physiology & chemistry20
Uses & economy16
Other traits11
Compounds documented for Maclura pomifera across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds102 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-taxifolin | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3aS,5aS,5bR,7aS,9S,11aR,11bS,13aS,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3R)-4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-5-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S)-4-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-5-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-8-[(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-8-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Maclura pomifera has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Maclura pomifera carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 561×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Record type26 802 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions119 of 170 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Wuzhou, CN | 189 |
| Fort Worth, US | 79 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 57 |
| Bronx, US | 54 |
| Philadelphia, US | 46 |
| Bloomington, US | 45 |
| Emporia, US | 45 |
| Saint Louis, US | 41 |
| Austin, US | 40 |
| Macomb, US | 39 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 30 |
| Texas Lutheran Universitylocation not on record | 30 |
| Allentown, US | 28 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 27 |
| Denton, US | 25 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 24 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 23 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 21 |
| Pittsburg, US | 21 |
| Toronto, CA | 19 |
| Jackson, US | 19 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 16 |
| Williamsburg, US | 16 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 15 |
| Fayetteville, US | 14 |
| Bangkok, TH | 13 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 12 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 12 |
| Brisbane, AU | 12 |
| Tampa, US | 11 |
| College Park, US | 11 |
| Durango, MX | 9 |
| Canberra, AU | 9 |
| Burlington, US | 9 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 9 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 9 |
| GAlocation not on record | 9 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 8 |
| Millersville, US | 8 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 8 |
| New Haven, US | 8 |
| Mississippi State, US | 8 |
| Dekalb, US | 8 |
| Tempe, US | 7 |
| Madison, US | 7 |
| Denver, US | 7 |
| Riverside, US | 7 |
| Phoenix, US | 7 |
| Armidale, AU | 6 |
| Morgantown, US | 6 |
| Fairfax, US | 6 |
| Philadelphia, US | 6 |
| Pullman, US | 6 |
| Lubbock, US | 6 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 6 |
| Flagstaff, US | 6 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Lincoln, US | 6 |
| Davis, US | 6 |
| Auckland, NZ | 5 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 5 |
| Minia, EG | 5 |
| Edmonton, CA | 5 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 5 |
| Little Rock, US | 5 |
| US | 5 |
| Staten Island, US | 5 |
| Norfolk, US | 5 |
| Chadron, US | 5 |
| Córdoba, AR | 4 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 4 |
| San Diego, US | 4 |
| GB | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 4 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 4 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 4 |
| Clemson, US | 4 |
| Logan, US | 4 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 4 |
| Albuquerque, US | 4 |
| Conway, US | 4 |
| Provo, US | 4 |
| Beijing, CN | 4 |
| San Angelo, US | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 3 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 3 |
| Springfield, US | 3 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| US | 3 |
| Columbia, US | 3 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| EL PASO, US | 3 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Adelaide, AU | 2 |
| Lake Charles, US | 2 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 2 |
| Miami, US | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| Richmond, US | 2 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 2 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 2 |
| Angwin, US | 2 |
| New Brunswick, US | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Northridge, US | 2 |
| Cheney, US | 2 |
| UChlocation not on record | 2 |
| USFSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hudson, US | 2 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 2 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Conway, US | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Knoxville, US | 2 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| Brookings, US | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Orem, US | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Córdoba, ES | 1 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Volunteer State Community Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Arcata, US | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 1 |
| Baltimore, US | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Caldwell, US | 1 |
| Kirksville, US | 1 |
| Zacatecas, MX | 1 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stephenville, US | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Harrisonburg, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 1 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| SEINetlocation not on record | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Due West, US | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Durban, ZA | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Maclura pomifera was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.