Lupinus
genusAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Lupinus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation20 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility17 763 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI64 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
foodatlascompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The genus Lupinus L. and, in particular, its North-American species, were divided by Sereno Watson (1873) into three parts: Lupinus, Platycarpos and Lupinnelus. Differences in habit and in the number of ovules were accepted as the basis for this classification. A majority of perennial and annual species from the American continent described by Watson were referred to Lupinus. To the Platycarpos section were attributed some annual species with two ovules in the ovary and two seeds in the pod (L. densiflorus Benth., L. microcarpus Sims. and others). The section Lupinnelus consisted of one species (L. uncialis), with axillary and solitary flowers, scarcely reflexed banner, and also with two ovules in the ovary. This principle of classification was extended by Ascherson and Graebner (1907) to cover all lupins from the eastern and western hemispheres. Lupinus L. was for the first time subdivided into two subgenera: A. Eulupinus and B. Platycarpos (Ascherson and Graebner, 1907). Quantity of ovules (seedbuds) in the ovary and seeds in the pod was also accepted as the criterion for this division. Most of the described species from the eastern and western hemispheres were referred to subgen. A. Eulupinus. Subgen. B. Platycarpos included several annual species from the eastern hemisphere with two seedbuds and seeds in the bean (the same species, as the one specified by S. Watson). Subgen. Platycarpos (S.Wats.) Kurl.Species:Kurl. Boguslav Stanislavovich Kurlovich in new combination[1] Subgen. PLATYCARPOS (S.Wats.) Kurl. and Subgen. LUPINUS integrates the numerous perennial and annual species from the Western hemisphere, both groups having two and more ovules or seedbuds in the ovary, while subgen. Lupinus L. includes 12 species from the Mediterranean region and Africa with at least four ovules or seedbuds in the ovary. Subgen. Platycarpos (S.Wats.) Kurl. 1989, Bull. N.I.Vavilov Inst. Plant Industry 193:24. - §2. PLATYCARPOS S.Wats. 1873, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 8:522; B. Platycarpos Aschers. et Graebn. 1907, Mitteleurop. Fl. 6,2:232; §1. LUPINUS S.Wats. 1873, l.c.:518, p.max.p; A. Eulupinus Aschers. et Graebn. 1907, Mitteleurop. Fl. 6,2:221, p.p. – New World's or flat-fruited lupins. The ovary contains two and more ovules or seedbuds. The seed are predominantly small-sized, with an underdeveloped embryo and small amount of endosperm. Cotyledons are small-sized, with long caulicles. The first pair of true leaves is alternate. The stem is predominantly naked with waxen coating. Dominating is the monopodial type of branching. Leaflets are smooth, with waxen coating or slight pubescence, predominantly narrow. Pods are flat or orbicular, with two or more seeds. Represented by frutcuilose, fruticose and herbaceous perennial forms, or less often annual ones. Plants are cross-pollinated. 2n = 36, 48, 96. The type of subgenus: L. densiflorus Benth. Geographic distribution: North, Central and South America, predominantly in the mining systems of the Andes and Cordillera. Some species are cultivated (L. mutabilis Sweet., L. polyphyllus Lindl.). This subgenus includes several hundreds of species (from 100 up to 500) requiring further analysis of their authenticity.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Lupinus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile3 classes
Documented compounds76 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| myo-inositol hexakisphosphate | 6,200 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| TANNIN | 380 mg/100g | FoodAtlas |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Lupinus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Lupinus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type17 763 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions151 of 290 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 702 |
| Xiamen, CN | 249 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 190 |
| Chicago, US | 190 |
| Aarhus, DK | 175 |
| Kew, GB | 152 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 151 |
| Bronx, US | 139 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 136 |
| Claremont, US | 135 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 125 |
| LDlocation not on record | 120 |
| Riverside, US | 110 |
| University of Oxfordlocation not on record | 108 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 93 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 92 |
| Corvallis, US | 85 |
| Durango, MX | 81 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 77 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 76 |
| Mexico City, MX | 75 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 69 |
| Loja, EC | 63 |
| Moscow, US | 58 |
| Madison, US | 58 |
| Cusco, PE | 47 |
| Davis, US | 39 |
| Córdoba, AR | 39 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 39 |
| Arequipa, PE | 37 |
| Pullman, US | 37 |
| San Francisco, US | 34 |
| CASlocation not on record | 32 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 32 |
| Quito, EC | 31 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 30 |
| PRClocation not on record | 30 |
| Angwin, US | 29 |
| Austin, US | 28 |
| Guasave, MX | 27 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 27 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 26 |
| San Isidro, AR | 26 |
| Universidad de los Andes (UniAndes)location not on record | 26 |
| South Kensington, GB | 26 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 24 |
| Canberra, AU | 24 |
| Stockholm, SE | 24 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 23 |
| La Paz, BO | 23 |
| Portland, US | 22 |
| Albuquerque, US | 22 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 22 |
| US | 22 |
| Zlocation not on record | 21 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 21 |
| Corrientes, AR | 21 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 20 |
| US | 20 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 19 |
| Autlán de Navarro, MX | 18 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 18 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 18 |
| Bloomington, US | 18 |
| Emporia, US | 17 |
| Phoenix, US | 17 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 17 |
| Riobamba, EC | 16 |
| Sucre, BO | 16 |
| HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 15 |
| Victoria, CA | 14 |
| Mexico City, MX | 14 |
| Philadelphia, US | 13 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 13 |
| Cambridge, US | 13 |
| Montréal, CA | 13 |
| San Diego, US | 13 |
| Universidad Nacional de Córdobalocation not on record | 12 |
| Lake Charles, US | 12 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 12 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 11 |
| Caldwell, US | 11 |
| Logan, US | 10 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 10 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 10 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 10 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 10 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 10 |
| Puebla, MX | 9 |
| Elocation not on record | 9 |
| Vancouver, CA | 9 |
| EL PASO, US | 9 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 9 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 9 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 8 |
| University of Oxfordlocation not on record | 8 |
| Tacoma, US | 8 |
| Blumenau, BR | 8 |
| Chapingo, MX | 8 |
| Iquitos, PE | 7 |
| Denver, US | 7 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 7 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 7 |
| INFlocation not on record | 7 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 7 |
| San Luis Potosí, MX | 6 |
| Eastern Nevada Landscape Coalitionlocation not on record | 6 |
| BClocation not on record | 6 |
| Missoula, US | 6 |
| Fort Worth, US | 6 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 6 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 6 |
| Irvine, US | 6 |
| Austin, US | 5 |
| Lubbock, US | 5 |
| Hobart, AU | 5 |
| Portland, US | 5 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 5 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 5 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 5 |
| Cuenca, EC | 5 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 5 |
| Durango, US | 5 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| Turlock, US | 5 |
| Boise, US | 5 |
| Herbario UTCEClocation not on record | 5 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Brisbane, AU | 5 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pomona Collegelocation not on record | 4 |
| Olocation not on record | 4 |
| Mlocation not on record | 4 |
| Pocatello, US | 4 |
| PRT102location not on record | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 4 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Davenport, US | 4 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 4 |
| Castelar, AR | 4 |
| CUVClocation not on record | 4 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 4 |
| València, ES | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 4 |
| Long Beach, US | 4 |
| Los Angeles, US | 4 |
| IDElocation not on record | 4 |
| Barcelona, ES | 4 |
| Berlin, DE | 4 |
| LISUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Flagstaff, US | 4 |
| Lima, PE | 4 |
| Auckland, NZ | 4 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Brasília, BR | 4 |
| MAlocation not on record | 3 |
| IAPlocation not on record | 3 |
| GB | 3 |
| ESP004location not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 3 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 3 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 3 |
| Ural Federal University "B. N. Yeltsin"location not on record | 3 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| La Paz, MX | 3 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 3 |
| San Bernardino, US | 3 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 3 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 3 |
| Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record | 3 |
| St. Paul, US | 3 |
| Jackson, US | 3 |
| Parkville, AU | 2 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 2 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 2 |
| SEFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pelotas, BR | 2 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 2 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tampa, US | 2 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo naturalistico del Frignano Ferruccio Minghellilocation not on record | 2 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 2 |
| Bozeman, US | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 2 |
| Herbario de la Universidad Tecnológica Indoaméricalocation not on record | 2 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 2 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 2 |
| Beijing, CN | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 |
| ESP003location not on record | 2 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 2 |
| Centro Cultural Santo Domingolocation not on record | 2 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 2 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| HUPCHlocation not on record | 2 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 2 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| FUVATESlocation not on record | 2 |
| BOISlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bend, US | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| IAvHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 1 |
| Royal Alberta Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Naturallocation not on record | 1 |
| Masindi, UG | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| University of Cape Town, Bolus Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ensenada, MX | 1 |
| Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chilelocation not on record | 1 |
| Jurica-Suchy Nature Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose, US | 1 |
| CICAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| ROM007location not on record | 1 |
| Truckee, US | 1 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 1 |
| BGBMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Umeå Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Arizona State University Biocollectionslocation not on record | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Grand Junction, US | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Chamizal National Memoriallocation not on record | 1 |
| Walla Walla, US | 1 |
| Pittsburg, US | 1 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| UNICENTRO-IRATIlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 1 |
| AASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| HJAEFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 1 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis (JBBJCM)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad del Valle (UniValle)location not on record | 1 |
| Cenit Transporte y Logística de Hidrocarburos S.A.S. (CENIT)location not on record | 1 |
| Odawara, JP | 1 |
| Yellowstone National Park Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Montecillo, Texcoco, MX | 1 |
| GBR016location not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 1 |
| Cornell Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| Fredericton Stock Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| STNFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de invertigación de recursos biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Lupinus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.