Species of Lolium include:The Plant List search for Lolium Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas + Xinjiang; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands Lolium canariense Steud. - Canary Islands ryegrass - Canary Islands, Cape Verde Lolium giganteum Lam. - Eurasia from Ireland to China; Bioko Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. - Assam, Bhutan Lolium mazzettianum (E.B.Alexeev) Darbysh. - Sichuan, Yunnan Lolium multiflorum Lam. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands Lolium perenne L. - perennial ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Azores to Kashmir; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. - Persian ryegrass or Persian darnel - from Socotra to China; naturalized in scattered locations in the United States + Canada Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Iceland + Azores to Kashmir + Yakutia; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands Lolium remotum Schrank - Indian Subcontinent; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Europe + northern Asia Lolium rigidum Gaudin - stiff darnel, Wimmera ryegrass, annual ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas Lolium saxatile H.Scholz & S.Scholz - Canary Islands Lolium temulentum L. - Darnel, poison darnel - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas Formerly included Several former Lolium species now regarded as part of other genera: Castellia, Enteropogon, × Festulolium, Hainardia, Lepturus, Melica, and Vulpia. Perennial ryegrass, used as winter lawn.<ref></ref> [[Lolium temulentum|Poison darnel]] (''Lolium temulentum'')
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Lolium across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
🍽 Used in cooking
Documented compounds8 total
Compound
Class
Amount
Source
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
7.592 mg/100g
FoodAtlas
chicoric acid
1.582 mg/100g
FoodAtlas
05DNA & barcoding5 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Lolium has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens5
Marker genes2
eDNA detections284
Countries3
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcLa
plant barcode
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type18 299 records
Wild obs. + sensor14 934
Museum / vouchered2 085
Cultivated / captive83
Other1 197
Origin
Native717
Introduced6 920
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO41 992 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy70% within 1 km
≤100 m 7 449≤1 km 2 640≤10 km 4 291>10 km 13
14 393 georeferenced · 541 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor14 934
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy35% within 1 km
≤100 m 134≤1 km 111≤10 km 368>10 km 79
692 georeferenced · 1 393 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 085
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 23>10 km 9
32 georeferenced · 51 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living83
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions73 of 122 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Uppsala, SE
187
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
74
Adelaide, AU
58
MAlocation not on record
56
Kensington, AU
50
BClocation not on record
49
Mount Annan, AU
43
Olocation not on record
42
Canberra, AU
37
LDlocation not on record
34
València, ES
34
Córdoba, AR
30
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
23
Wlocation not on record
21
Wuzhou, CN
19
Wellington, NZ
13
GBR016location not on record
13
Kew, GB
11
Brisbane, AU
10
Auckland, NZ
9
Saint Louis, US
9
PRClocation not on record
8
Blumenau, BR
8
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
8
Hobart, AU
7
NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record
7
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
7
Vitoria, ES
6
Tartu, EE
6
Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record
6
Paris, FR
6
BGR001location not on record
5
Armidale, AU
5
Pamplona, ES
5
Berlin, DE
5
Pretoria, ZA
5
Santa Barbara, US
5
Bronx, US
5
CASlocation not on record
4
Helsinki, FI
4
Philadelphia, US
4
MeiseBGlocation not on record
4
Davis, US
4
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbariumlocation not on record
4
Beijing, CN
4
LfUlocation not on record
4
Pittsburg, US
4
GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record
4
Claremont, US
3
Weber State Universitylocation not on record
3
Fort Worth, US
3
Tampa, US
3
ASUlocation not on record
3
South Kensington, GB
3
Barcelona, ES
3
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
3
Obihiro Centennial City Museumlocation not on record
3
San Diego, US
3
Angwin, US
2
Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record
2
US
2
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record
2
Pelotas, BR
2
Riverside, US
2
Karlsruhe, DE
2
Xining, CN
2
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
2
Durango, MX
2
Madrid, ES
2
Monastir, TN
2
Oskarshamn, SE
2
Staten Island, US
2
Portland, US
2
QCNElocation not on record
1
Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record
1
Frankfurt am Main
1
BSBIlocation not on record
1
Oulu, FI
1
Sanda, JP
1
Emporia, US
1
IFR-DNFlocation not on record
1
KMCClocation not on record
1
College Park, US
1
GZUlocation not on record
1
Dekalb, US
1
Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record
1
Guangzhou, CN
1
Wuhan, CN
1
Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record
1
JBRJlocation not on record
1
Mlocation not on record
1
PUC-RSlocation not on record
1
Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record
1
CUVClocation not on record
1
Sevilla, ES
1
Granada, ES
1
Miami, US
1
DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record
1
Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record
1
Moscow, US
1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Christchurch, NZ
1
Alicante, ES
1
NLD037location not on record
1
Université Lavallocation not on record
1
KMNlocation not on record
1
1
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
1
Göteborg, SE
1
Yerevan, AM
1
Xiamen, CN
1
WTUlocation not on record
1
New Haven, US
1
Albuquerque, US
1
BRNUlocation not on record
1
GJOlocation not on record
1
Awka, NG
1
Victoria, CA
1
Dresden, DE
1
Portland, US
1
Stockholm, SE
1
Cape Town, ZA
1
122 institutions · 1 075 of 2 085 vouchered records shown · 1 005 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA284 detections
Where the DNA of Lolium was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found284
Studies independent surveys3
Countries3
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 284 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
Nearctic
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median11.1 °C 1.60–16.9
Seasonal swing summer↔winter15.3 °C
Max temp (day)13.6 °C 3.20–19.2
Min temp (night)8.50 °C 0.1–14.4
Precipitation60.6 mm/mo 46.8–70.0
Air humidity63.5 % 59.8–67.6
Vapour deficit532 Pa 226–759
Cloud cover52.0 % 42.6–55.3
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 284 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation15 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility18 299 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI284 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗
foodatlascompounds
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗