Linum catharticum
speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Linum catharticum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility320 023 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI34 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics44 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Linum catharticum, also known as purging flax, or fairy flax, is an herbaceous flowering plant in the family Linaceae, native to Great Britain, Iceland, central Europe and Western Asia. It is an annual plant and blooms in July and August. It is a known host of the pathogenic fungus flax rust (Melampsora lini).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology16
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment13
Physiology & chemistry9
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Linum catharticum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile4 classes
Documented compounds15 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (5R,5aR,8aR,9R)-4-methoxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,4,8-trimethoxyxanthone | present | NPASS | |
| 1-Methoxy-2,3,7,8-dimethylenedioxyxanthone | present | NPASS | |
| 6-Methoxypodophyllotoxin | present | LOTUS | |
| 8,9,11-Trimethoxy-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthen-10-one | present | NPASS | |
| [(5R,5aR,8aR,9R)-4-methoxy-8-oxo-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl] acetate | present | LOTUS | |
| Behnic acid | present | NPASS | |
| beta-Peltatin | present | LOTUS | |
| Carnaubic acid | present | NPASS | |
| Linonelic acid | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Linum catharticum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Linum catharticum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1626×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +10
2n 571×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
n 82×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type320 023 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions96 of 194 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 2 900 |
| Olocation not on record | 918 |
| LDlocation not on record | 517 |
| Helsinki, FI | 466 |
| Trondheim, NO | 402 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 360 |
| Salzburg, AT | 324 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 319 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 252 |
| Uppsala, SE | 245 |
| Bergen, NO | 236 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 207 |
| Turku, FI | 177 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 176 |
| Garðabær, IS | 166 |
| Tartu, EE | 162 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 155 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 120 |
| Brussel, BE | 104 |
| BClocation not on record | 98 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 95 |
| MAlocation not on record | 91 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 89 |
| València, ES | 86 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 85 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 66 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 66 |
| South Kensington, GB | 64 |
| Görlitz, DE | 61 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 59 |
| Tallinn, EE | 56 |
| Barcelona, ES | 55 |
| Philadelphia, US | 54 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 54 |
| Oulu, FI | 53 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 53 |
| Kuopio, FI | 47 |
| Hobart, AU | 43 |
| Berlin, DE | 43 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 43 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 40 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 40 |
| Vitoria, ES | 34 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 27 |
| Wellington, NZ | 26 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 25 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 25 |
| Bern, CH | 24 |
| Auckland, NZ | 24 |
| 23 | |
| GJOlocation not on record | 23 |
| Wlocation not on record | 23 |
| Salamanca, ES | 22 |
| Stockholm, SE | 22 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 22 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 22 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 21 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 21 |
| Dresden, DE | 18 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 17 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 17 |
| Madrid, ES | 16 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 15 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 15 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 13 |
| Pamplona, ES | 13 |
| PRClocation not on record | 13 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 13 |
| Pamplona, ES | 12 |
| Mlocation not on record | 11 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 10 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 10 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 9 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 8 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 8 |
| Xiamen, CN | 8 |
| Porvoo, FI | 8 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 8 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 7 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 7 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 7 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Canberra, AU | 7 |
| Glarus, CH | 7 |
| Alicante, ES | 7 |
| Bourges, FR | 7 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 6 |
| Göteborg, SE | 6 |
| Québec, CA | 6 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 5 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 5 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Herb. BBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tilburg, NL | 5 |
| Granada, ES | 5 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 5 |
| nbflocation not on record | 5 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 5 |
| Burlington, US | 5 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 5 |
| Saint John, CA | 4 |
| Fulda, DE | 4 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| SWlocation not on record | 4 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 4 |
| Vancouver, CA | 4 |
| Voronezh State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 4 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 4 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Herbarium Clocation not on record | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 4 |
| Gijón, ES | 3 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 3 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 3 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 3 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Montréal, CA | 3 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 3 |
| KRA, OPUNlocation not on record | 3 |
| Podgorica, ME | 3 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Madison, US | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 2 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 2 |
| Banyoles, ES | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 2 |
| Winterthur, CH | 2 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 2 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 2 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Qarshi Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 1 |
| MHNAIXlocation not on record | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| Umeå Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
| Bratislava, SK | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Dhaka, BD | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Jaén, ES | 1 |
| OPUNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| The State Museum-Preserve "The Kulikovo pole"location not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Honolulu, US | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede dell'Orto botanico del Museo di Storia naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Parmalocation not on record | 1 |
| INTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Palmerston North, NZ | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| ULBF-AGRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Linum catharticum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.