Linaria repens
(L.) Mill. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Linaria repens's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility96 375 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI13 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics26 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Linaria repens, also known as pale toadflax or creeping toadflax in Europe and as striped toadflax in the US, is an herbaceous plant in the family Plantaginaceae, native to Europe.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology16
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Linaria repens across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile2 classes
Documented compounds4 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,2S,5R,6R,7R,11S,14R,15R,18R,20S)-20-hydroxy-11,14,15,19,19-pentamethyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-8,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.2.01,18.02,15.05,14.06,11]tetracosan-9-one | present | NPASS | |
| JSPGKOBNHWTKNT-PJSNPGDSSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| Lippiolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| Lippiolidolic acid | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Linaria repens has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Linaria repens carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1222×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · nw-europe-fl +8
2n 161×CCDB · book-fedorov
n 62×CCDB · book-ipcn72 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type96 375 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions59 of 120 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| LDlocation not on record | 245 |
| Olocation not on record | 222 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 178 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 132 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 116 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 106 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 98 |
| Barcelona, ES | 83 |
| Turku, FI | 76 |
| MAlocation not on record | 65 |
| Bergen, NO | 45 |
| Oulu, FI | 45 |
| Bern, CH | 45 |
| València, ES | 43 |
| Uppsala, SE | 35 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 31 |
| Trondheim, NO | 30 |
| BClocation not on record | 27 |
| Zürich, CH | 26 |
| Zürich, CH | 24 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 23 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 22 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 20 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 19 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 19 |
| Vitoria, ES | 17 |
| Mlocation not on record | 16 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 15 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 15 |
| Stockholm, SE | 13 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 12 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 12 |
| Tartu, EE | 10 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 10 |
| Salzburg, AT | 10 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 9 |
| South Kensington, GB | 7 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 7 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 7 |
| Helsinki, FI | 6 |
| Berlin, DE | 6 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Bourges, FR | 6 |
| Salamanca, ES | 6 |
| Fulda, DE | 5 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 5 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 5 |
| Görlitz, DE | 5 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 5 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 5 |
| Göteborg, SE | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 4 |
| Memorial University of Newfoundlandlocation not on record | 4 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 4 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 4 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 3 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 3 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 3 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| Montréal, CA | 3 |
| Bronx, US | 2 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Winterthur, CH | 2 |
| Madrid, ES | 2 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| Kuopio, FI | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Saint John, CA | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hobart, AU | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 2 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 2 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brussel, BE | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Stadt Seeland, Ortsteil Gatersleben, DE | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| nbflocation not on record | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record | 1 |
| Namur, BE | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Porvoo, FI | 1 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 1 |
| STUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Umeå Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| University of Bayreuthlocation not on record | 1 |
| 1 | |
| Tulane Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Linaria repens was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.