Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus Lepus. They are herbivores, and live solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are able to fend for themselves shortly after birth. The genus includes the largest lagomorphs. Most are fast runners with long, powerful hind legs, and large ears to dissipate body heat. Hare species are native to Africa, Eurasia and North America. A hare less than one year old is called a "leveret". A group of hares is called a "husk", a "down" or a "drove". Members of the Lepus genus are considered true hares, distinguishing them from rabbits which make up the rest of the Leporidae family. However, there are five leporid species with "hare" in their common names which are not considered true hares: the hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus), and four species known as red rock hares (comprising Pronolagus). Conversely, several Lepus species are called "jackrabbits", but classed as hares rather than rabbits. The pet known as the Belgian hare is a domesticated European rabbit which has been selectively bred to resemble a hare.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Lepus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens3
BINs1
Marker genes2
eDNA detections8
Countries3
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P16S
animal barcoderibosomal
07Deep time29.5–0 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range29.5–0 Ma Oligocene → Holocene
Dated fossil finds220
Most finds around0.5 Ma 144 finds · Pleistocene
StatusStill living record runs to the present
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Lepus. Above itBeside it, the bars count how many dated finds fall in each slice of time; the tallest bar is labelled, and heights use a square-root scale so that thin slices stay visible next to rich ones. Read this as how well each stretch of time is preserved and studied — thick bars mean plenty of the right kind of rock and plenty of collectors, which is related to, but not the same as, how common it actually was.
fossil range (PBDB)dated finds per slice
How it livedPBDB
Environmentterrestrial
Life habitground dwelling
Dietgrazer, browser
Motilityactively mobile
Compositionhydroxyapatite
Reproductionviviparous
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type11 371 records
Wild obs. + sensor9 713
Museum / vouchered1 272
Fossil386
Origin
Native35
Introduced6
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO10 320 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy68% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 917≤1 km 1 594≤10 km 1 415>10 km 267
5 193 georeferenced · 4 520 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor9 713
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy69% within 1 km
≤100 m 85≤1 km 393≤10 km 134>10 km 79
691 georeferenced · 581 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 272
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions26 of 43 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
EL PASO, US
498
Lubbock, US
312
Cambridge, US
52
Buenos Aires, AR
44
Washington, US
33
Los Angeles, US
17
Stockholm, SE
17
13
Edmonton, CA
13
Chicago, US
11
Denver, US
9
Ann Arbor, US
8
Zacatecas, MX
8
CASlocation not on record
7
MZLUlocation not on record
6
München, DE
6
Ohio State University - Mammal Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM)location not on record
5
Ciudad Juárez, MX
4
Bonn, DE
4
Ithaca, US
3
Copenhagen, DK
3
University of Nevada, Museum of Biologylocation not on record
3
New Haven, US
3
Universidad Católica de Manizaleslocation not on record
3
CEFElocation not on record
2
Paris, FR
2
Universidad de Navarra, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record
2
East Lansing, US
2
Barcelona, ES
1
Berkeley, US
1
Geneva, CH
1
Sevilla, ES
1
Zoological Survey of Indialocation not on record
1
North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record
1
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
1
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
1
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
1
Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
1
Helsinki, FI
1
Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State Universitylocation not on record
1
National Natural History Collectionslocation not on record
1
Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Salem Maritime National Historic Sitelocation not on record
1
43 institutions · 1 105 of 1 272 vouchered records shown · 22 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA8 detections
Where the DNA of Lepus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found8
Studies independent surveys3
Countries3
Verifiable raw sequence linked1
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 8 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median17.1 °C 11.7–23.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter16.5 °C
Max temp (day)23.8 °C 15.6–29.1
Min temp (night)11.9 °C 7.90–17.8
Precipitation43.6 mm/mo 15.4–95.7
Air humidity58.4 % 53.3–59.5
Moisture balance-58.4 mm/mo -122–-25.9
Vapour deficit805 Pa 566–1,454
Wind speed1.80 m/s 1.00–3.70
Cloud cover25.2 % 24.0–36.7
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 3 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.