A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Laelia rubescens has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens10
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences9
eDNA detections6
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK4★rbcL2★rbcLa★ITS3★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manualLaelia rubescens carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size1 271 400 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Laelia rubescens1.27 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · kew — Jones WE, Kuehnle AR, Arumuganathan K. 1998. Nuclear DNA content of 26 Orchid (Orchidaceae) genera with emphasis on Dendrobium. Annals of Botany 82: 189-194.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin11.2 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type466 records
Wild obs. + sensor230
Museum / vouchered223
Other13
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO1 180 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy75% within 1 km
≤100 m 76≤1 km 52≤10 km 17>10 km 26
171 georeferenced · 59 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor230
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy83% within 1 km
≤100 m 53≤1 km 4≤10 km 12
69 georeferenced · 154 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence223
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions29 of 47 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Saint Louis, US
34
Durango, MX
21
Mexico City, MX
19
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record
13
Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV
12
Escuela Agrícola Panamericanalocation not on record
11
Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record
8
Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record
7
Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvadorlocation not on record
7
Mérida, MX
6
Austin, US
5
Madison, US
5
San Francisco, US
5
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
4
Philadelphia, US
4
León, NI
4
Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record
3
Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record
3
Area de Conservacion Guanacastelocation not on record
3
Chicago, US
3
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
3
Austin, US
2
Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record
2
Autlán de Navarro, MX
2
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX
2
Calabar, NG
2
GB
2
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX
2
Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record
2
San José, CR
2
Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record
2
Berlin, DE
1
Denver, US
1
Montecillo, Texcoco, MX
1
Chapingo, MX
1
Ciudad de México, MX
1
Riverside, US
1
Plocation not on record
1
Ciudad de México, MX
1
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record
1
US
1
MEXUlocation not on record
1
Cambridge, US
1
The University of Arizonalocation not on record
1
OTSlocation not on record
1
Bronx, US
1
Tapachula, MX
1
47 institutions · 216 of 223 vouchered records shown · 7 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA6 detections
Where the DNA of Laelia rubescens was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found6
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 6 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.2 °C 25.2–25.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter2.50 °C
Max temp (day)30.1 °C
Min temp (night)21.1 °C
Precipitation15.8 mm/mo
Air humidity59.3 %
Moisture balance-165 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,304 Pa
Wind speed5.60 m/s
Cloud cover13.5 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility466 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI6 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype