Lactuca saligna
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Lactuca saligna's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility12 731 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI9 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics20 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Lactuca saligna is a species of wild lettuce known by the common name willowleaf lettuce, and least lettuce. It is native to Eurasia but it grows in many other places as an introduced species, including much of North America.Altervista Flora Italiana, Lactuca saligna L.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter, Lactuca saligna It can be found rarely in south-east England on dry banks near the sea and estuaries.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology16
Life cycle & reproduction15
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment12
Physiology & chemistry7
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Lactuca saligna across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds30 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (3aS,5R,6aR,8S,9aR,9bS)-5-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-8-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,3aS,5R,6aR,8S,9aR,9bS)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,3aS,6E,9R,10E,11aS)-3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde | present | LOTUS | |
| (4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aS,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| 11b,13-Dihydrolactucopicrin | present | LOTUS | |
| 11beta,13-Dihydrolactucopicrin | present | LOTUS | |
| 3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde | present | LOTUS | |
| 8-Deoxylactucin | present | LOTUS | |
| Apigenin | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Lactuca saligna has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Lactuca saligna carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1832×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · iber-fl +9
n 02×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 92×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type12 731 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions111 of 177 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 266 |
| South Kensington, GB | 115 |
| Berlin, DE | 111 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 74 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 67 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 65 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 59 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 45 |
| Philadelphia, US | 45 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 40 |
| NLD037location not on record | 39 |
| Adelaide, AU | 35 |
| Brisbane, AU | 34 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 34 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 34 |
| Bloomington, US | 33 |
| Saint Louis, US | 32 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 31 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 29 |
| Canberra, AU | 27 |
| València, ES | 26 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 26 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 26 |
| Davis, US | 25 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 24 |
| LDlocation not on record | 23 |
| Kensington, AU | 23 |
| Corvallis, US | 22 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 19 |
| Vitoria, ES | 16 |
| Barcelona, ES | 16 |
| QAUlocation not on record | 16 |
| BClocation not on record | 15 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 15 |
| Bern, CH | 14 |
| Emporia, US | 14 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 13 |
| Wlocation not on record | 13 |
| Claremont, US | 13 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 13 |
| MAlocation not on record | 12 |
| GB | 11 |
| Riverside, US | 11 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 10 |
| San Diego, US | 10 |
| Auckland, NZ | 10 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 9 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 9 |
| Hobart, AU | 9 |
| Angwin, US | 9 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 8 |
| Little Rock, US | 8 |
| Fairfax, US | 8 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 8 |
| Williamsburg, US | 8 |
| Zürich, CH | 7 |
| Paris, FR | 7 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 7 |
| Morgantown, US | 7 |
| CASlocation not on record | 7 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Armidale, AU | 6 |
| Arcata, US | 6 |
| Bangkok, TH | 6 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 6 |
| Madrid, ES | 6 |
| Fort Worth, US | 5 |
| Chadron, US | 5 |
| Görlitz, DE | 5 |
| Jefferson City, US | 5 |
| Dekalb, US | 5 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 5 |
| PRClocation not on record | 5 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 5 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Flagstaff, US | 4 |
| Pamplona, ES | 4 |
| Salamanca, ES | 4 |
| Bronx, US | 4 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 4 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 4 |
| Mississippi State, US | 4 |
| Bratislava, SK | 3 |
| Pittsburg, US | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaftlocation not on record | 3 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 3 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 3 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Jackson, US | 3 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 3 |
| Badajoz, ES | 3 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Pamplona, ES | 3 |
| Kirksville, US | 3 |
| Pullman, US | 3 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Henderson, US | 2 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 2 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 2 |
| San Francisco, US | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Palmerston, AU | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 2 |
| Laboratory of Palaeontologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 |
| Dresden, DE | 2 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 2 |
| Catalina Island Conservancylocation not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| ER Hellerlocation not on record | 1 |
| POL003location not on record | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
| MMHNSRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg e.V.location not on record | 1 |
| Orem, US | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose, US | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 1 |
| Montréal, CA | 1 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Parkville, AU | 1 |
| Fribourg, CH | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| Norfolk, US | 1 |
| Springfield, US | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| ARM059location not on record | 1 |
| NSW Office of Environment and Heritagelocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| GAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Allentown, US | 1 |
| Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Córdoba, ES | 1 |
| Ashland, US | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Lincoln, US | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Lactuca saligna was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.