Size & morphology1
Plant height0.914 m
Life cycle & reproduction21
Bloom periodLate Spring
Coppice potentialNo
Flower colourwhite
Flower conspicuousNo
Fruit seed period beginSpring
Fruit seed period endFall
Growth rate USDAModerate
Lifespan categoryLong
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerNo
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Resprout abilityNo
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorMedium
Vegetative spread rateModerate
Habitat & environment16
Active growth periodSummer
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsYes
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
BloatNone
Foliage colorGray-Green
Foliage textureFine
Fruit colourblue
Growth form USDARhizomatous
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min12 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Physiology & chemistry18
Anaerobic toleranceHigh
C:N ratioMedium
Caco3 toleranceLow
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceLow
Fertility requirementLow
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceHigh
Frost free days min200 days
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Precipitation max55 in
Precipitation min30 in
Salinity toleranceNone
Shade toleranceHigh
Soil pH max7.4 pH
Soil pH min4 pH
Temperature min13 °F
Uses & economy14
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productNo
Palatable browse animalLow
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanNo
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits6
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceLow
Fruit seed conspicuousNo
Fruit seed persistenceNo
Planting density max10 912 per acre
Planting density min3 450 per acre