Koelreuteria bipinnata, also known as Chinese flame tree, Chinese golden rain tree, Bougainvillea golden-rain tree, is a species of Koelreuteria native to southern China. It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing between 7–20 metres tall. It is few branched and is one of the few trees that bloom in summer. The tree can live 50 to 150 years. Koelreuteria bipinnata fruit or seed pods fruits of koeltreuteia bipinnata
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Koelreuteria bipinnata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens14
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences7
eDNA detections6
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL4★rbcLa★ITS2★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualKoelreuteria bipinnata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 323×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Hemmer, W. & W. Morawetz. 1990. Karyological differentiation in Sapindaceae with special reference to Serjania and Cardiospermum. Bot. Acta 103: 372–383.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Urdampilleta, J. D. 2005. Karyotype differentiation between Koelreuteria bipinnata and K. elegans ssp. formosana (Sapindaceae) based on chromosome banding patterns. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 149: 451–455.
2n 301×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Huang, S. f., Z. f. Zhao, Z. y. Chen, S. j. Chen & X. x. Huang. 1989. Chromosome counts on one hundred species and infraspecific taxa. Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 5: 161–176.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range23–0.77 Ma Oligocene → Pleistocene
Dated fossil finds2
StatusNot recorded since 0.77 Ma
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Koelreuteria bipinnata. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated find
How it livedPBDB
Dietphotoautotroph
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type884 records
Wild obs. + sensor554
Museum / vouchered325
Cultivated / captive3
Fossil2
Origin
Introduced11
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO2 420 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy83% within 1 km
≤100 m 314≤1 km 40≤10 km 13>10 km 60
427 georeferenced · 127 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor554
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy85% within 1 km
≤100 m 9≤1 km 13≤10 km 2>10 km 2
26 georeferenced · 299 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence325
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 3 records without
Open the mapnot free-living3
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions40 of 63 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Beijing, CN
70
Guangzhou, CN
20
Riverside, US
18
Wuhan, CN
16
Kunming, CN
15
Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record
14
Guilin, CN
10
Santa Barbara, US
9
FFPRIlocation not on record
9
Claremont, US
9
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
9
San Diego, US
7
Yangling, CN
5
Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record
5
Bando, JP
5
Chengdu, CN
4
Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
4
Wuhan, CN
4
Seoul, KR
4
Rotorua, NZ
4
Bangkok, TH
3
Auckland, NZ
3
Guiyang, CN
3
Museo universitario di Chietilocation not on record
3
Davis, US
3
Irvine, US
3
USP-IBlocation not on record
3
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record
3
Guiyang, CN
3
Zhuzhou, CN
2
Shanghai, CN
2
Austin, US
2
CASlocation not on record
2
Hangzhou Normal Collegelocation not on record
2
SDFlocation not on record
2
Chengdu, CN
2
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
2
Changsha, CN
2
Cascavel, BR
2
Nanjing, CN
2
Shanghai, CN
2
Xiamen, CN
2
Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record
2
Foz do Iguaçu, BR
2
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record
1
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
1
San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record
1
UnBlocation not on record
1
Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record
1
Chongqing, CN
1
HUFDlocation not on record
1
Logan, US
1
UNICAMPlocation not on record
1
Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record
1
Taipei, TW
1
UTFPR-DVlocation not on record
1
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
1
Tuscaloosa, US
1
Nanjing, CN
1
Miami, US
1
EL PASO, US
1
Johnson City, US
1
Feira de Santana, BR
1
63 institutions · 317 of 325 vouchered records shown · 8 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA6 detections
Where the DNA of Koelreuteria bipinnata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found6
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 6 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
Yucca schidigera, Artemisia californica, Sal…
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median24.4 °C 16.6–27.6
Seasonal swing summer↔winter24.7 °C
Max temp (day)28.5 °C 20.6–30.6
Min temp (night)19.2 °C 12.6–24.2
Precipitation213 mm/mo 65.2–251
Air humidity63.0 % 57.1–63.8
Moisture balance44.3 mm/mo -17.3–105
Vapour deficit1,116 Pa 820–1,364
Wind speed2.40 m/s 1.30–3.60
Cloud cover40.2 % 33.9–47.3
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation8 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility882 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI6 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics14 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗