Juglans major (literally, the larger walnut), also known as Arizona walnut, is a walnut tree which grows to 50 ft with a DBH of up to 2 ft at elevations of 1000–7000 ft in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. It also occurs in Mexico as far south as Guerrero.Laferriere, J.E. (1993). "Juglandaceae, Walnut Family". Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27:219. Common names include Arizona black walnut (as it belongs to the "black walnuts" section Juglans sect. Rhysocaryon), and the Spanish name nogal cimarrón (cimarron walnut).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 16.64 m · USDA: 15.24 m · TRY: 0.462 m
Seed mass5 024 mg
Seed mass max5 040 mg
Seed mass min5 000 mg
Life cycle & reproduction25
Bloom periodLate Spring
Coppice potentialYes
Deciduousnessdeciduous
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower colourbrown
Flower conspicuousNo
Fruit seed period beginFall
Fruit seed period endWinter
Growth rate USDASlow
Life formtree
Life spanperennial
Lifespan categoryLong
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerYes
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsYes
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Resprout abilityYes
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorMedium
Vegetative spread rateNone
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment24
Active growth periodSpring and Summer
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsNo
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorYellow-Green
Foliage porosity summerModerate
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureCoarse
Fruit colourbrown
Growth formtree
Growth form USDASingle Stem
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathYes
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min40 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry21
Anaerobic toleranceNone
C:N ratioHigh
Caco3 toleranceLow
Cold stratification requiredYes
Drought toleranceMedium
Fertility requirementMedium
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceNone
Frost free days min105 days
Leaf c470 mg/g
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Precipitation max80 in
Precipitation min25 in
Salinity toleranceNone
Shade toleranceHigh
Soil pH max7 pH
Soil pH min6 pH
Specific leaf area (SLA)25.16 mm²/mg
Temperature min-33 °F
Uses & economy16
Berry nut seed productYes
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityContracting Only
Fodder productNo
Fuelwood productHigh
Lumber productYes
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productYes
Palatable browse animalLow
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanNo
Post productYes
Pulpwood productNo
Seeds per pound90 per lb
ToxicitySlight
Veneer productYes
Other traits7
Fall conspicuousYes
Fruit seed abundanceMedium
Fruit seed conspicuousYes
Fruit seed persistenceYes
Height at 20yr6.1 m
Planting density max800 per acre
Planting density min100 per acre
05DNA & barcoding2 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Juglans major has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens2
Marker genes2
eDNA detections2
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★ITS
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualJuglans major carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin9.98 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type1 790 records
Wild obs. + sensor1 019
Museum / vouchered729
Cultivated / captive2
Other40
Origin
Native40
Introduced2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 260 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy91% within 1 km
≤100 m 624≤1 km 111≤10 km 40>10 km 37
812 georeferenced · 207 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor1 019
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy62% within 1 km
≤100 m 100≤1 km 76≤10 km 94>10 km 14
284 georeferenced · 445 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence729
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 2
2 georeferenced
Open the mapnot free-living2
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions44 of 62 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
ASUlocation not on record
160
Flagstaff, US
75
Bronx, US
64
Albuquerque, US
63
Phoenix, US
53
Austin, US
33
Hermosillo, MX
25
Mexico City, MX
23
EL PASO, US
22
Riverside, US
20
Saint Louis, US
15
Fort Worth, US
14
Guasave, MX
12
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
11
Durango, MX
9
BAYLUlocation not on record
7
San Luis Obispo, US
6
Emporia, US
6
Wuzhou, CN
6
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
6
Chapingo, MX
5
USFSlocation not on record
4
San Angelo, US
4
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
4
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
4
Austin, US
4
Bloomington, US
4
Claremont, US
3
Bangkok, TH
3
Pullman, US
3
Autlán de Navarro, MX
3
Philadelphia, US
3
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
3
Mexico City, MX
3
MeiseBGlocation not on record
3
Logan, US
2
San Diego, US
2
Tampa, US
2
Davis, US
2
Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record
2
Durango, US
2
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
2
Henderson, US
2
DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record
2
Ciudad de México, MX
2
Cambridge, US
1
The University of Arizonalocation not on record
1
Chapel Hill, US
1
Linares, MX
1
Burlington, US
1
Boise, US
1
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
1
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
1
Orem, US
1
Arizona Western Collegelocation not on record
1
CASlocation not on record
1
Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record
1
Denver, US
1
Tepatitlán de Morelos, MX
1
Santa Barbara, US
1
Angwin, US
1
Millersville, US
1
62 institutions · 720 of 729 vouchered records shown · 9 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA2 detections
Where the DNA of Juglans major was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 790 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗