Ilex pedunculosa, called longstalk holly, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ilex, native to central and southern China, Taiwan, and Japan. A lanky shrub or shrubby tree typically reaching in the garden, it is quite cold hardy (to USDA zone 5a). It gets its specific epithet and common name from its long peduncle (the stalk from which the berry depends). The red berries are relished by birds. It is deer resistant.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Ilex pedunculosa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile1 class
Ursane and Taraxastane triterpenoids1
Documented compounds2 total
Compound
Class
Amount
Source
OFGUCAFZXULUSI-ZPGUUJJQSA-N
present
NPASS
Pedunculoside
present
NPASS
05DNA & barcoding7 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ilex pedunculosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens7
Marker genes4
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections19
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
Ilex pedunculosa isolate L internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK2★rbcL7★ITS1★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualIlex pedunculosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin15.4 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type1 953 records
Wild obs. + sensor231
Museum / vouchered1 675
Cultivated / captive6
Other41
Origin
Native14
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO3 264 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy85% within 1 km
≤100 m 88≤1 km 12≤10 km 10>10 km 8
118 georeferenced · 113 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor231
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy14% within 1 km
≤100 m 1≤1 km 23≤10 km 145>10 km 1
170 georeferenced · 1 505 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 675
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km
≤1 km 2
2 georeferenced · 4 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living6
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions57 of 87 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Beijing, CN
161
Chengdu, CN
136
Nagano City, JP
118
Shinshu Universitylocation not on record
117
Nanjing, CN
89
Sanda, JP
72
Wuhan, CN
65
Kochi, JP
64
Toyama, JP
59
Odawara, JP
52
Guangzhou, CN
51
Taipei, TW
46
Hangzhou, CN
43
Guilin, CN
38
KURAlocation not on record
38
Anhui Normal Universitylocation not on record
31
Kunming, CN
31
Osaka, JP
29
Tsukuba, JP
28
Chengdu, CN
28
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record
23
FFPRIlocation not on record
22
Tokushima, JP
21
Taipei, TW
20
Taipei, TW
17
Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record
17
KOMlocation not on record
16
Yangling, CN
16
Nanjing, CN
15
Nishihara, JP
15
Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record
14
TAIElocation not on record
13
Sendai, JP
13
Seoul, KR
11
Shanghai, CN
10
Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record
9
SCAUlocation not on record
9
Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP
9
Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record
7
Wuhan, CN
6
Nishihara, JP
6
Nanjing, CN
6
Ishikawa Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
5
Bando, JP
4
Guiyang, CN
4
Changsha, CN
3
JP
3
Bangkok, TH
3
Jishou Universitylocation not on record
3
Berlin, DE
2
Shenzhen, CN
2
Edinburgh, GB
2
Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record
2
Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record
2
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
2
Vancouver, CA
2
Dekalb, US
2
Tomioka, JP
2
Museum Of Natural And Environmental History, Shizuokalocation not on record
2
Zhuzhou, CN
2
Guangzhou, CN
2
University of New Hampshirelocation not on record
2
Chiba, JP
2
Shanghai, CN
2
Fukushima Universitylocation not on record
1
College Park, US
1
Bronx, US
1
Philadelphia, US
1
“Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University" NPLClocation not on record
1
Angwin, US
1
Burlington, US
1
WNNUlocation not on record
1
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record
1
Xiamen, CN
1
Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
1
Xian, CN
1
Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
1
Denton, US
1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
1
Honolulu, US
1
Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
1
The Sandakan Herbarium, Forest Research Centrelocation not on record
1
Wlocation not on record
1
Auckland, NZ
1
Kew, GB
1
Fort Worth, US
1
87 institutions · 1 669 of 1 675 vouchered records shown · 5 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA19 detections
Where the DNA of Ilex pedunculosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found19
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 19 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median19.7 °C 10.3–25.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter22.5 °C
Max temp (day)22.9 °C 12.6–27.4
Min temp (night)15.8 °C 7.30–21.0
Precipitation255 mm/mo 172–366
Air humidity64.2 % 59.9–66.4
Moisture balance128 mm/mo 52.4–262
Vapour deficit864 Pa 486–1,074
Wind speed2.30 m/s 1.90–3.40
Cloud cover39.7 % 35.5–47.7
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 16 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 953 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI19 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics7 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗