Hydrophyllum virginianum, commonly called Virginia waterleaf or eastern waterleaf, is a species of plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae). It is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Eastern North America where it is primarily found in the Midwest, Northeast, and Appalachian regions. Its natural habitat is in bottomland forests, mesic upland forests, and rocky forested bluffs.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Hydrophyllum virginianum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Hydrophyllum virginianum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens31
Marker genes6
eDNA detections11
Countries2
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLaatpF-atpHrpoC1trnH-psbA
plant barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualHydrophyllum virginianum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size7 824 000 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
THIS GENOME Hydrophyllum virginianum7.82 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Freeman, C. C. & R. E. Brooks. 1988. Documented plant chromosome numbers 1988: 1. Chromosome counts for North American plants -- I. Sida 13: 241–250.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Wcislo, H. 1987. Chromosome numbers of certain Canadian plants. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 29: 19–30.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Harriman, N. A. 1981. In Chromosome number reports LXX. Taxon 30: 77–78.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gillett, J. M. 1975. In IOPB chromosome number reports L. Taxon 24: 671–678.
CCDB · book-fedorov — Bowden 1940a, 1945a
CCDB · book-fedorov — Cave, Constance 1950
CCDB · book-fedorov — Constance 1963
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
n 92×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Hill, L. M. 1989. IOPB chromosome data 1. Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. (Zurich) 13: 17–19.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Harriman, N. A. 1981. In Chromosome number reports LXX. Taxon 30: 77–78.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy87% within 1 km
≤100 m 11 602≤1 km 2 596≤10 km 904>10 km 1 131
16 233 georeferenced · 2 977 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor19 210
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy37% within 1 km
≤100 m 109≤1 km 355≤10 km 703>10 km 72
1 239 georeferenced · 565 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 804
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy5% within 1 km
≤1 km 1≤10 km 18
19 georeferenced · 3 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living22
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions75 of 109 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Madison, US
297
Philadelphia, US
283
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
243
Bloomington, US
67
Green Bay, US
57
Québec, CA
57
Chapel Hill, US
52
Ann Arbor, US
51
Burlington, US
49
Bronx, US
45
Toronto, CA
40
Université Lavallocation not on record
28
College Park, US
27
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
25
Millersville, US
24
Allentown, US
24
Bangkok, TH
23
New Haven, US
23
University of New Hampshirelocation not on record
20
Montréal, CA
19
Whitewater, US
18
Montréal, CA
15
Tampa, US
14
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
14
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
13
St. Paul, US
12
Williamsburg, US
11
Dekalb, US
10
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
9
Emporia, US
9
Staten Island, US
8
Dover, US
8
Waverly, US
7
Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record
7
Davenport, US
7
Chadron, US
7
Chicago, US
7
Saint Louis, US
6
Morgantown, US
6
Durham, US
6
Fairfax, US
5
Hamilton, US
5
BAYLUlocation not on record
5
Chicago, US
5
Philadelphia, US
4
Flagstaff, US
4
Durham, US
4
Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record
4
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
3
US
3
Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record
3
University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record
3
Keene State Universitylocation not on record
3
Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record
3
Fargo, US
3
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
2
Denver, US
2
Hudson, US
2
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
2
University of Wisconsinlocation not on record
2
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
2
University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record
2
Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record
2
Phoenix, US
2
Norfolk, US
2
Fort Worth, US
2
Austin, US
2
Decorah, US
2
Northridge, US
1
Trois-Rivières, CA
1
Beijing, CN
1
Lubbock, US
1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Wuzhou, CN
1
Pullman, US
1
Podgorica, ME
1
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
1
Turlock, US
1
McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
1
University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record
1
Columbia, US
1
Paris, FR
1
James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record
1
Asheville, US
1
Mississippi State, US
1
Vancouver, CA
1
Jackson, US
1
New Brunswick, US
1
Mount Pleasant, US
1
Edmonton, CA
1
Harrisonburg, US
1
Chicago, US
1
San Angelo, US
1
Macomb, US
1
DULlocation not on record
1
MAlocation not on record
1
Washington, US
1
WTUlocation not on record
1
GAlocation not on record
1
Oskarshamn, SE
1
Elikins, US
1
Caldwell, US
1
Bern, CH
1
ASUlocation not on record
1
Pocatello, US
1
Tempe, US
1
Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Gardenlocation not on record
1
MeiseBGlocation not on record
1
109 institutions · 1 772 of 1 804 vouchered records shown · 32 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA11 detections
Where the DNA of Hydrophyllum virginianum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found11
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 11 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median16.3 °C 5.70–23.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter27.4 °C
Max temp (day)20.6 °C 10.8–28.5
Min temp (night)12.8 °C 1.60–17.9
Precipitation81.5 mm/mo 65.7–101
Air humidity58.0 % 56.5–59.7
Moisture balance-45.3 mm/mo -64.5–-4.10
Vapour deficit790 Pa 463–1,238
Wind speed2.90 m/s 2.40–4.60
Cloud cover42.9 % 31.5–48.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 10 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility21 036 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI11 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics31 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗