Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, commonly known as the great waterleaf, is a species of plant in the borage family. It is native to the eastern United States where it is found primarily in the Midwest and Upper South. Its natural habitat is mesic calcareous forests. It is a biennial that produces lavender-colored flowers in late spring and early summer.Great Waterleaf at Illinois Wildflowers This species can be distinguished from Hydrophyllum canadense, which has a similar appearance and broad geographical overlap, by the presence of small appendages in the sinuses of the calyx. In addition, it has shorter stamens, which are only 1-3mm exerted from the corolla (as opposed to 3-6mm).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Hydrophyllum appendiculatum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens2
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences4
eDNA detections2
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL3★rbcLa
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualHydrophyllum appendiculatum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy85% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 784≤1 km 615≤10 km 250>10 km 333
3 982 georeferenced · 771 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor4 753
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy54% within 1 km
≤100 m 44≤1 km 179≤10 km 175>10 km 18
416 georeferenced · 253 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence669
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 11
11 georeferenced
Open the mapnot free-living11
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions52 of 72 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bloomington, US
120
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
103
Wuzhou, CN
49
St. Paul, US
49
Ann Arbor, US
48
Madison, US
42
Saint Louis, US
41
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
23
Philadelphia, US
17
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
12
Bangkok, TH
12
Tampa, US
10
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
10
Bronx, US
8
Dekalb, US
7
Chicago, US
6
Davenport, US
6
Jackson, US
5
Burlington, US
4
Emporia, US
4
Green Bay, US
3
Austin, US
3
Knoxville, US
3
Fargo, US
3
Whitewater, US
3
Richmond, US
3
University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record
3
Mississippi State, US
2
Chadron, US
2
Flagstaff, US
2
Macomb, US
2
GB
2
US
2
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
2
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
2
BAYLUlocation not on record
2
Columbia, US
2
University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record
2
Little Rock, US
2
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
2
Northridge, US
2
Phoenix, US
1
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
1
Pullman, US
1
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
1
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
1
Morgantown, US
1
Toronto, CA
1
Turlock, US
1
Jefferson City, US
1
ASUlocation not on record
1
Minia, EG
1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record
1
Auckland, NZ
1
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
1
Montréal, CA
1
College Park, US
1
Moscow, US
1
Philadelphia, US
1
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
1
Guilin, CN
1
Claremont, US
1
San Diego, US
1
Springfield, US
1
Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record
1
Kirksville, US
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
Norfolk, US
1
Cincinnati, US
1
Decorah, US
1
Mexico City, MX
1
72 institutions · 656 of 669 vouchered records shown · 13 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA2 detections
Where the DNA of Hydrophyllum appendiculatum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median18.6 °C 16.2–21.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter27.7 °C
Max temp (day)21.6 °C 19.4–23.7
Min temp (night)16.5 °C 13.7–19.2
Precipitation92.1 mm/mo 89.9–94.3
Air humidity57.8 % 57.6–58.0
Moisture balance-71.8 mm/mo -92.1–-51.5
Vapour deficit919 Pa 785–1,052
Wind speed5.10 m/s 4.20–5.90
Cloud cover41.4 % 39.7–43.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility5 433 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗