Hydrocotyle javanica, commonly known as Java pennywort, is a species of Hydrocotyle. It is a prostrate herb found in NE India and SE Asia. Leaves are simple, circular-heart-shaped, with seven triangular shallow lobes. Leaves are 2.5-5 x 3–5.5 cm in size, and the margin has rounded teeth. Java pennywort is closely related to Indian pennywort. Tiny white flowers arise in 20 flowered umbels. Java pennywort is seen in shady, moist places at altitudes greater than 1300 m. Flowers have five greenish-white petals and five stamens. Fruit is broadly ovoid, 1 mm, laterally compressed. In Manipur, the leaves are eaten as a substitute for Indian pennywort. Flowering: June–July.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Hydrocotyle javanica has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens2
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences6
eDNA detections2
Countries2
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★ITS5★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualHydrocotyle javanica carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Constance, L. et al. 1971
n 362×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Krishnappa, D. G. & A. N. Basappa. 1988. SOCGI plant chromosome number reports -- VI. J. Cytol. Genet. 23: 38–52.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — SHARMA, A., & A.K. SARKAR (Editors). 1967-68. Chromosome number reports of plants in Annual Report, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of"li"otany, University of Calcutta. The Research Bulletin. 2: 38-Q8.
n 461×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sarkar, A. K., N. DATTA, U. Chatterjee & D. Hazra. 1982. In: IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon 31: 576–579.
n 841×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — CONSTANCE, L . T.-I. CHUANG, & C.R. BELL. 1971. Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae. IV. Amer. J. Bot. 58: 577-587.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy83% within 1 km
≤100 m 3≤1 km 31≤10 km 3>10 km 4
41 georeferenced · 14 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor55
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy61% within 1 km
≤100 m 10≤1 km 38≤10 km 29>10 km 2
79 georeferenced · 686 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence765
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions45 of 70 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Sanda, JP
165
Odawara, JP
70
Kochi, JP
50
Taipei, TW
49
Canberra, AU
34
Kew, GB
30
Tsukuba, JP
19
Nagano City, JP
19
Chiba, JP
16
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
14
Osaka, JP
12
Pondicherry, IN
12
Honolulu, US
12
Brisbane, AU
10
Sendai, JP
9
Xiamen, CN
9
Beijing, CN
9
Taipei, TW
6
Sagamihara, JP
6
Nishihara, JP
5
KURAlocation not on record
5
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
5
Guilin, CN
4
Nishihara, JP
4
FJIDClocation not on record
4
Toyama, JP
4
Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record
3
Berlin, DE
3
Wuhan, CN
3
Tokushima, JP
3
TAIElocation not on record
3
BISHlocation not on record
3
Fukushima Universitylocation not on record
2
Edinburgh, GB
2
TNMlocation not on record
2
Guangzhou, CN
2
Chengdu, CN
2
Mount Annan, AU
2
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
2
Baroda, IN
2
Uppsala, SE
2
Burlington, US
2
Kagoshima, JP
2
Armidale, AU
2
National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record
1
Palmerston, AU
1
Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record
1
Wuhan, CN
1
Stockholm, SE
1
Larsen, K. (AAU), 1995.location not on record
1
South China Normal Universitylocation not on record
1
Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record
1
Kyoto Universitylocation not on record
1
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
1
Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record
1
CASlocation not on record
1
Tomioka, JP
1
Saint Louis, US
1
MeiseBGlocation not on record
1
FFPRIlocation not on record
1
WNNUlocation not on record
1
Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record
1
Hobart, AU
1
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record
1
J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record
1
EL PASO, US
1
Fort Worth, US
1
Bronx, US
1
Smithfield, AU
1
Auckland, NZ
1
70 institutions · 650 of 765 vouchered records shown · 114 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA2 detections
Where the DNA of Hydrocotyle javanica was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.1 °C 25.1–25.1
Seasonal swing summer↔winter16.5 °C
Max temp (day)30.5 °C
Min temp (night)19.3 °C
Precipitation109 mm/mo
Air humidity52.0 %
Moisture balance-17.8 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,616 Pa
Wind speed1.80 m/s
Cloud cover25.2 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility835 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗