Hordeum spontaneum

K.Koch · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Liliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Hordeum

At a glance

Occurrence records3 944

Data sources6

Biological traits22

DNA specimens0

eDNA detections19

Sources6 archives

Databases and archives Hordeum spontaneum's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation8 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 944 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI19 eDNA detections↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page5 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements2 literature sources22 traits

Occurrence & distributionGBIF3 944 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries19 detections

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 14

01Narrative

Hordeum spontaneum, commonly known as wild barley or spontaneous barley, is the wild form of the grass in the family Poaceae that gave rise to the cereal barley (Hordeum vulgare). Domestication is thought to have occurred on two occasions, first about ten thousand years ago in the Fertile Crescent and again later, several thousand kilometres further east.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesGIFTTRY

Size & morphology5

Plant height0.75 m

Plant height generative0.405 m

Plant height max0.75 m

Plant height min0.3 m

Seed mass37.23 mg

Life cycle & reproduction5

Deciduousnessdeciduous

Flowering endJun

Flowering startApr

Life spanannual

Raunkiær life formtherophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment8

Aquaticterrestrial

Climberself-supporting

Elevation max1 700 m

Elevation min400 m

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formherb

Habitat GIFTmountains, semidesert

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry3

Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)254 mg/g

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

Specific leaf area (SLA)23.71 mm²/mg

05DNA & barcoding19 eDNA hits

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Hordeum spontaneum has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

eDNA detections19

Countries1

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Hordeum spontaneum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 14 n = 7

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records14–142n range14median14mode20records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 1420×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · eflora +4

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Mujeeb-Kazi, A., Q. Jahan & A. A. Vahidy. 1994. Application of a somatic and meiotic cytological technique to diverse plant genera and species in the Triticeae. Pakistan J. Bot. 26: 353–366.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Nazarova. 2004. Karyological characterization of Armenian species of the genus Hordeum L. Fl. Rastitel'n. Rastitel'n. Resursy Armenii 15: 57–63, 91–95.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Vahidy, A. A. & B. Jahan. 1998. Karyological studies in some species of Hordeum L. Pakistan J. Bot. 30(1): 101–115.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Chen, R. y., W. q. Song, X. l. Li, M. x. Li, G. l. Liang, Z. p. An, C. b. Chen, Z. x. Qi & Y. z. Sun. 2003. Chromosome Atlas of Major Economic Plants Genome in China, Vol. 2, Chromosome Atlas of Crops and their Wild Kindred Plants in China Relatives. Science Press, Beijing.

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — KUMAR, S., H. C. BANSAL, & D. SINGH. 1966. Chromatic structure in the secondary constriction regions of the satellited chromosomes in Hordeum. Chromosome Inf. Serv. 7: 10-11.

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — PODLECH, D., & A. DIETERLE. 1969. Chromosomenstudien an afghanischen Pflanzen. Candollea 24: 185-243.

CCDB · eflora

CCDB · book-fedorov — Aberg 1938

CCDB · book-fedorov — Oinuma 1953h

CCDB · book-fedorov — Morrison L. W. 1959

CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Aberg J.938

CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Aase & P. 1926

CCDB · kew — Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1971. The 4C nuclear DNA content of several Hordeum genotypes. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 13: 607-611.

CCDB · Cave1959 — SUzuki 1959

n 141×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Kahler, A. L., M. I. Moris & R. W. Allard. 1981. Gene triplication and fixed heterozygosity in diploid wild barley. J. Heredity 72: 374–376.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type3 944 records

Wild obs. + sensor3 798

Museum / vouchered143

Cultivated / captive2

Other1

Origin

Native1

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO6 528 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy31% within 1 km

≤100 m 137≤1 km 11≤10 km 327>10 km 4

479 georeferenced · 3 319 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor3 798

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km

≤100 m 2≤1 km 8≤10 km 9

19 georeferenced · 124 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence143

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 1

1 georeferenced · 1 without coordinates

Open the mapnot free-living2

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions9 of 22 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Rishon Le Zion, IL	50
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record	19
Kew, GB	18
AZE003location not on record	8
QAUlocation not on record	7
ARM059location not on record	6
Riverside, US	4
Stadt Seeland, Ortsteil Gatersleben, DE	4
South Kensington, GB	4
AZE015location not on record	3
BRNUlocation not on record	3
Edinburgh, GB	3
Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record	3
Zürich, CH	2
Wlocation not on record	2
Beijing, CN	1
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistanlocation not on record	1
MAlocation not on record	1
Berlin, DE	1
AZE006location not on record	1
MeiseBGlocation not on record	1
CICYTEXlocation not on record	1

22 institutions · 143 of 143 vouchered records shown

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA19 detections

Where the DNA of Hordeum spontaneum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found19

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 19 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median22.0 °C 22.0–22.0

Seasonal swing summer↔winter27.8 °C

Max temp (day)27.6 °C

Min temp (night)13.9 °C

Precipitation5.50 mm/mo

Air humidity39.8 %

Moisture balance-124 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,940 Pa

Wind speed2.40 m/s

Cloud cover21.6 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Hordeum spontaneum

At a glance

Sources6 archives

Size & morphology5

Life cycle & reproduction5

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment8

Physiology & chemistry3

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type3 944 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions9 of 22 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type3 944 records