Hippobroma longiflora
(L.) G.Don · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Hippobroma longiflora's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility8 965 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Hippobroma longiflora, also called Star of Bethlehem or madamfate, is a flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is the only species in the genus Hippobroma. It is endemic to the West Indies, but has become naturalized across the American tropics and Oceania. It is notable for its concentrations of two pyridine alkaloids: lobeline and nicotine. The effects of nicotine and lobeline are quite similar, with psychoactive effects at small dosages and with unpleasant effects including vomiting, muscle paralysis, and trembling at higher dosages. For this reason, H. longiflora (and its various synonyms) is often referenced for both its toxicity and its ethnobotanical uses. When uprooting this weed, it is important to wear gloves: the sap is an irritant which can be absorbed through the skin, and a small amount of sap in the eyes can cause blindness.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology18
Life cycle & reproduction5
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment12
Physiology & chemistry2
Compounds documented for Hippobroma longiflora across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds59 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Betulonic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Erythrodiol | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Yangambin | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Isopulegol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,4R)-2-Hydroxy-alpha,alpha,4-trimethylcyclohexanemethanol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,4S,4aR,7S,8aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,7-diol | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,2S,20S,42S,46R)-7,8,9,12,13,14,25,26,27,30,31,32,35,36,37,46-hexadecahydroxy-3,18,21,41,43-pentaoxanonacyclo[27.13.3.138,42.02,20.05,10.011,16.023,28.033,45.034,39]hexatetraconta-5,7,9,11,13,15,23,25,27,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37-pentadecaene-4,17,22,40,44-pentone | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,3R)-3,4'-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(1R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Hippobroma longiflora has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Hippobroma longiflora carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 283×CCDB · eflora · CCDB · book-fedorov · GIFT · GIFT (floras)
n 141×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
diploid1×GIFT · GIFT (floras)
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type8 965 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions76 of 166 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 268 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 98 |
| Durango, MX | 73 |
| Bronx, US | 72 |
| Kew, GB | 64 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 63 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 40 |
| Mexico City, MX | 37 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 29 |
| Mexico City, MX | 29 |
| Chicago, US | 27 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 27 |
| Durham, US | 27 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 25 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 18 |
| León, NI | 15 |
| Honolulu, US | 11 |
| Blumenau, BR | 11 |
| Taipei, TW | 10 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 9 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 9 |
| Baroda, IN | 8 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 8 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 8 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 8 |
| Berlin, DE | 8 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 7 |
| Brisbane, AU | 7 |
| San José, CR | 7 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 7 |
| Canberra, AU | 7 |
| Austin, US | 7 |
| Instituto do Meio Ambientelocation not on record | 7 |
| Paris, FR | 6 |
| Area de Conservacion Guanacastelocation not on record | 6 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 6 |
| Mérida, MX | 6 |
| MAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 6 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 6 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 6 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 6 |
| Xiamen, CN | 6 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 6 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 5 |
| Palmerston, AU | 5 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 5 |
| Montréal, CA | 5 |
| Smithfield, AU | 5 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 5 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 4 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Flagstaff, US | 4 |
| Stockholm, SE | 4 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 4 |
| Taipei, TW | 4 |
| Miami, US | 3 |
| Aarhus, DK | 3 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 3 |
| Masindi, UG | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 3 |
| Chapingo, MX | 3 |
| Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record | 3 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 3 |
| EL PASO, US | 3 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 3 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 3 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 3 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 3 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 3 |
| Wlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 3 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 3 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDistrital)location not on record | 2 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 2 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 2 |
| BMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 2 |
| Maringá, BR | 2 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 2 |
| INBIOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tapachula, MX | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Londrina, BR | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 2 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 2 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 2 |
| Calabar, NG | 2 |
| Kensington, AU | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Santa Teresa, BR | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Shenzhen, CN | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Criciúma, BR | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Río Palenque Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record | 1 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 1 |
| UDESC-CAVlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-IBILCElocation not on record | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 1 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Plocation not on record | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| Zacatecas, MX | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Berea Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Hippobroma longiflora was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.