Heracleum persicum

Desf. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Heracleum

At a glance

Occurrence records923

Data sources11

Biological traits6

DNA specimens32

eDNA detections12

Sources11 archives

Databases and archives Heracleum persicum's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility923 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI12 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics32 specimens↗

NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements2 literature sources6 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS44 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF923 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries12 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD · NCBI32 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 22

01Narrative

Distribution of Persian hogweed within Scandinavia Heracleum persicum, commonly known as Persian hogweed or by its native name Golpar () is a species of hogweed, a perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It grows wild in humid mountainous regions in Iran and some adjacent areas. Having been introduced in the 1830s, it has spread across Scandinavia. It is now very common in northern Norway, where one of its names is Tromsø palm. The plant has also been spotted in Sweden. In Finland, it has been declared as invasive species. Persian hogweed is a polycarpic perennial, that is, a mature plant flowers and bears fruit season after season.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFT

Life cycle & reproduction2

Life formperennial

Lifeform raunkiaer detailedhemicryptophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment3

Climatetemperate

Growth formherb

Woodinessnon-woody

03Chemical composition44 compounds

Compounds documented for Heracleum persicum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Wax monoesters15

Monocyclic monoterpenoids4

Acyclic monoterpenoids4

Fatty alcohols3

Furocoumarins $ Simple coumarins3

Documented compounds44 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
1-Hexanol	present	LOTUS
1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene	present	LOTUS
1-Octanol	present	LOTUS
2-Methylbutanoic acid	present	LOTUS
2-Methylpropanoic acid	present	LOTUS
3-Methylbutanoic acid	present	LOTUS
4(10)-Thujene	present	LOTUS
7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene	present	LOTUS
alpha Thujene	present	LOTUS
alpha-Carene	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding32 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Heracleum persicum has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens32

Marker genes5

GenBank sequences7

eDNA detections12

Countries2

The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species

ITSAM168445.1 ↗218 bpTurkey

ACGT

NNANACNTNCNCNCAACNCACACACTCCTTGAGGAACTGTGTTGGTTTGGGGGCGGAAATTGGCCTCCCATGCCTTCTTGCATGGTTGGC …

Heracleum persicum ITS2

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK1★rbcLa★ITS6★ITS1★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Heracleum persicum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 22 n = 11

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records22–222n range22median22mode3records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 223×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-fedorov

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Rostovtseva, T. S. 1979. Chromosome numbers of some species of the family Apiaceae Lindl. II. Bot. Zhurn. 64 (2): 227–232.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Shner, J. V., M. G. Pimenov, E. V. Kljuykov, T. V. Alexeeva, F. Ghahremani-nejad & V. Mozaffarian. 2004. Chromosome numbers in the Iranian Umbelliferae. Chromosome Sci. 8: 1–9.

CCDB · book-fedorov — Bell, Constance 1966

n 112×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn66

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Aryavand, A. 1983. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 32: 321–322.

CCDB · book-ipcn66 — Bell & Constance 1966

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type923 records

Wild obs. + sensor824

Museum / vouchered78

Cultivated / captive21

Origin

Introduced29

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO2 112 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy95% within 1 km

≤100 m 549≤1 km 151≤10 km 24>10 km 14

738 georeferenced · 86 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor824

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy74% within 1 km

≤100 m 20≤1 km 6≤10 km 7>10 km 2

35 georeferenced · 43 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence78

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 21

21 georeferenced

Open the mapnot free-living21

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions7 of 16 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
LDlocation not on record	19
Oulu, FI	17
Tromso University Museumlocation not on record	9
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record	8
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record	5
University of Hamburglocation not on record	4
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museumlocation not on record	3
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record	3
Oskarshamn, SE	2
Wlocation not on record	2
Kuopio, FI	1
Görlitz, DE	1
Philadelphia, US	1
Uppsala, SE	1
Forssa, FI	1
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record	1

16 institutions · 78 of 78 vouchered records shown

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA12 detections

Where the DNA of Heracleum persicum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found12

Studies independent surveys1

Countries2

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 12 detections have coordinates

Open the map2 countries0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median12.4 °C 5.80–16.8

Seasonal swing summer↔winter20.1 °C

Max temp (day)14.1 °C 7.20–18.8

Min temp (night)8.30 °C 2.20–13.1

Precipitation97.1 mm/mo 65.2–147

Air humidity64.2 % 60.0–66.4

Moisture balance21.8 mm/mo -66.2–65.3

Vapour deficit512 Pa 311–763

Wind speed4.00 m/s 2.50–5.00

Cloud cover64.1 % 41.0–66.0

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 12 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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