Haemanthus coccineus

species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Liliopsida/Asparagales/Amaryllidaceae/Haemanthus

At a glance

Occurrence records2 955

Data sources12

Biological traits14

DNA specimens5

eDNA detections4

Sources12 archives

Databases and archives Haemanthus coccineus's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility2 955 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources14 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS96 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF2 955 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries4 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD5 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 16

01Narrative

Botanical illustration by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Haemanthus coccineus, the blood flower, blood lily or paintbrush lily, is a species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae, native to Southern Africa. Growing to 35 cm tall and wide, it is a bulbous perennial with short brown stems surmounted by red flowers, the flowers appearing in spring and summer, before the strap-shaped leaves. The generic name Haemanthus is derived from the Greek words haima for blood and anthos for flower; coccineus is the Latin word for red or scarlet. In the Afrikaans language it is known as bergajuin, bloedblom, and many other vernacular names.PlantZAfrica.com accessed 11.11.2011

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology2

Plant height max0.4 m

Plant height min0.2 m

Life cycle & reproduction3

Life formbulbous geophyte

Life spanperennial

Raunkiær life formcryptophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment8

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatesubtropical

Climberself-supporting

Elevation max1 200 m

Elevation min15 m

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formherb

Woodinessnon-woody

03Chemical composition96 compounds

Compounds documented for Haemanthus coccineus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Steroidal alkaloids17

Pregnane steroids8

Pregnane steroids $ Steroidal alkaloids8

Ergostane steroids2

Androstane steroids2

Documented compounds96 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(-)-Galantamine	present	LOTUS
(1R,2R,5S,6R,9R,12R,13R,16S)-N,6,7,13-tetramethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,3S,5S,6S,9S,12S,13R)-3-hydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-6,7,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-6-ethyl-13-methyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-N,6,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-16,18-dien-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-N,N,6,13-tetramethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-N,N,1,6,13-pentamethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-N,N,1,6,7,13-hexamethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1S,2R,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16R)-6,7,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding5 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Haemanthus coccineus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens5

Marker genes3

eDNA detections4

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcLa★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Haemanthus coccineus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 16 n = 8

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records16–322n range16median16mode11records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 1610×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn72 · CCDB · book-indian_vol2 +2

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sveshnikova, L. I. & E. A. Zemskova. 1988. Chromosome numbers in some members of the Amaryllidaceae. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 73: 1207–1208.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Vosa, C. G. 1984. The cytology of the genus Haemanthus L. (Amaryllidaceae). J. S. African Bot. 50: 237–259.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Vosa, C. G. & P. D. Marchi. 1980. Chromosome analysis of Haemanthus and Scadoxus (Amaryllidaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 135: 119–126.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Zemskova, E. A. & L. I. Sveshnikova. 1999. Karyological study of some representatives of the family Amaryllidaceae. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(4): 86–98.

CCDB · book-ipcn72 — BJORNSTAD, I.N. & I. FRIIS. 1972. studies on the genus Haemanthus L. (Amaryllidaceael I. The infrageneric taxonomy. Norwegian J. Bot. 19: 187-206.

CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Heitz, E. 1926 ; Inariyama, S, 1937 ; Sato, D. 1938, 1942 ; Bjijrnstad, I.N. & Friis, I. 1972

CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants

CCDB · Oberlander2016 — Vosa & Marchi,1980;Vosa, 1984

2n 321×CCDB · book-indian_vol2

CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Ayyangar, K.R. & Subramanian, D. 1972

n 161×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74

CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — AYYANGAR, K.R., & D. SUBRAMANIAN. 197 2. Meiotic studies in Haemanthu coccineus Linn. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 59(III):350351. I

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type2 955 records

Wild obs. + sensor2 518

Museum / vouchered435

Cultivated / captive2

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO4 164 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy92% within 1 km

≤100 m 1 671≤1 km 274≤10 km 97>10 km 68

2 110 georeferenced · 408 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor2 518

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy50% within 1 km

≤100 m 1≤1 km 1≤10 km 1>10 km 1

4 georeferenced · 431 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence435

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy

no georeferenced coordinates · 2 records without

Open the mapnot free-living2

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions11 of 17 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Cape Town, ZA	301
Pretoria, ZA	103
GHPG$location not on record	7
Cape Town, ZA	3
Felix d'Herelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruseslocation not on record	3
GB	2
Christchurch, NZ	2
Auckland, NZ	2
Santa Barbara, US	2
Bronx, US	1
Civico Museo di Scienze naturali Giuseppe Orlandilocation not on record	1
University of Johannesburglocation not on record	1
Boise, US	1
Kew, GB	1
South African National Biodiversity Institutelocation not on record	1
Zürich, CH	1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record	1

17 institutions · 433 of 435 vouchered records shown · 2 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA4 detections

Where the DNA of Haemanthus coccineus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found4

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 4 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median16.1 °C 16.1–16.1

Seasonal swing summer↔winter5.50 °C

Max temp (day)18.0 °C

Min temp (night)14.2 °C

Precipitation57.1 mm/mo

Air humidity61.5 %

Vapour deficit706 Pa

Cloud cover11.1 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Haemanthus coccineus

At a glance

Sources12 archives

Size & morphology2

Life cycle & reproduction3

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment8

Compound class profile5 classes

Documented compounds96 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type2 955 records

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions11 of 17 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type2 955 records