Geranium columbinum
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records134 569
Data sources10
Biological traits37
DNA specimens28
eDNA detections13
Sources10 archives
Databases and archives Geranium columbinum's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility134 569 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI13 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page6 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources37 traits
Occurrence & distributionGBIF134 569 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 4 countries13 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD28 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT698 Mbp
01Narrative
Le Géranium colombin est une espèce de plante de la famille des Géraniacées nommée communément pied-de-pigeon, Géranium des colombes, et Long-stalked Crane's-bill en Anglais.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology10
Leaf mass20.38 mg
Leaf size316 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 316 mm² · LEDA: 560 mm² · GIFT: 560 mm²
Plant height0.225 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.225 m · LEDA: 0.35 m · TRY: 0.306 m
Plant height generative0.35 m
Plant height max0.6 m
Plant height min0.1 m
Seed length2.13 mm
Seed mass3.9 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 3.9 mg · LEDA: 3.57 mg · GIFT: 3.78 mg
Seed mass max5.7 mg
Seed mass min3.14 mg
Life cycle & reproduction13
Deciduousnesshibernal
⚠ sources differ — TRY: hibernal · GIFT: deciduous
Dispersal typeanimal
Flowering endMay
Flowering startJun
Life formannual
Life spanannual
Lifespan years1 years
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Reproduction asexualabsent
Seed number197
Self fertilizationpresent
Diet & foraging2
Carnivorynon-carnivorous
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment7
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTcrop fields, hills, meadows, mountains, old fields, plains, ruderal sites, shrubberies
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry4
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)268 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)27.44 mm²/mg
Other traits1
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
05DNA & barcoding28 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Geranium columbinum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens28
Marker genes7
eDNA detections13
Countries7
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★trnL-F★ITS1★ITS2cp-trnL-intron
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Geranium columbinum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size697 573 469 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Geranium columbinum0.70 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 18 n = 9
Ploidy2× diploid · measured
Chromosome records18–822n range18median18mode32records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 1830×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl +11
GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
CCDB · ita-fl — VAN LOON, J.C. - 1984. Chromosome numbers in Geranium from Europe, II. The annual species. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C. , 87: 279-296.
CCDB · ita-fl — LOEVE A., LOEVE D. - 1982. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI.. Taxon , 31(3): 583-587.
CCDB · slov-fl — Králik E. & Hrozienčik I., 2000: Karyologické štúdium slovenskej flóry XXXIV. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 40: 43-46.
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. et al., 1974b: Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora Part 4. - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 23: 1-23.
CCDB · brit-fl — Warburg, E.F. New Phytol. 37: 130-159 (1938)
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribuiao para o conhecimento citotaxonmico das spermatophyta de Portugal, XIII. Alves, M. C. & M. T. Leitao.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 250: 231-245(1976).
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3180
CCDB · fl-europaea — Warburg, 1938
CCDB · poland — Skali?ska M., Jankun A., Wcis?o H. et al. 1976. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Eleventh contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 19, 107-148.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Albers, F. & W. Pröbsting. 1998. In R. Wisskirchen & H. Haeupler, Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Bundesamt für Naturschutz & Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Lövkvist, B. & U. M. Hultgård. 1999. Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot. 137: 1–42.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Strid, A. & R. Franzen. 1981. In Chromosome number reports LXXIII. Taxon 30: 829–842.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Murin, A. 1974. In Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora. Part 4. Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Bot. 23: 1–23.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — ALVES, M. C. & M. T. LEITAO. 1976. Contribuciao para o conhecimento citotaxonomico das spematophyta de Portugal. XIII. Geraniaceae. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 50: 231–245.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Petrova, A. & P. Stanimirova. 2001. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 11 (1248--1253). Fl. Medit. 11: 460–466.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — VAN LOON, J.C., T.W.J. GADELLA, & E. KLIPHUIS. 1971. Cytological studies in some flowering plants from Southern France. Acta Bot. Neerl. 20: 157-166.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Murin 1974
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Alves & Leitao 1976
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — MAJOVSKY, J., ET AL. 1974. Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian Flora. (Part 4). Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae Bot. 23: 1-23.
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — L. & L. 1944b
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Petrova, A. & Stanimirova, P. (2001). Mediterranean chromosome number reports-11. Fl. Medit. 11: 460-466.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Alves, M. C. & Leitao, M. T. (1976). Contribuiçao para o conhecimento citotaxonómico das Spermatophyta de Portugal, XIII. Bol. Soc. Brot. 50: 231-245.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Hindakova, M. (1974). Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora. (Part 4). Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Bot. 23: 1-23.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Loon van, J. C. (1984b). Chromosome numbers in Geranium from Europe. II. The annual species. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C 87: 279-296.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Loon van, J. C., Gadella, Th. W. J. & Kliphuis, E. (1971). Cytological studies in some flowering plants from Southern France. Acta Bot. Neerl. 20: 157-166.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1944b). Cytotaxonomical studies on boreal plants. III. Some new chromosome numbers of Scandinavian plants. Arkiv. for Bot. Band 314(12): 1-22.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1982c). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LXXVI]. Taxon 31(3): 583-587.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Skalinska, M. (1976). Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Part XI. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 19: 107-148.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Strid, A. & R. Franzén. (1981). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LXXIII]. Taxon 30(4): 829-842.
2n 361×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Petrova, A. & Stanimirova, P. (2001). Mediterranean chromosome number reports-11. Fl. Medit. 11: 460-466.
2n 821×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Sharma, A. K. (1970). Annual report, 1967-1968 Res. Bull. Univ. Calcutta (Cytogenetics Lab.) 2: 1-50
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type134 569 records
Wild obs. + sensor129 153
Museum / vouchered4 973
Cultivated / captive34
Other409
Origin
Native5 139
Introduced73
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO179 928 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy20% within 1 km
≤100 m 13 124≤1 km 7 809≤10 km 82 959>10 km 954
104 846 georeferenced · 24 307 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor129 153
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km
≤100 m 396≤1 km 885≤10 km 1 003>10 km 111
2 395 georeferenced · 2 578 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence4 973
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
>10 km 10
10 georeferenced · 24 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living34
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions93 of 180 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 432 |
| LDlocation not on record | 328 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 300 |
| Berlin, DE | 295 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 280 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 247 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 203 |
| Olocation not on record | 169 |
| Uppsala, SE | 158 |
| MAlocation not on record | 157 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 142 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 123 |
| Bergen, NO | 107 |
| Philadelphia, US | 103 |
| València, ES | 84 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 84 |
| Salzburg, AT | 81 |
| Barcelona, ES | 68 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 61 |
| Görlitz, DE | 55 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 51 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 49 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 44 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 43 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 39 |
| Dresden, DE | 33 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 32 |
| Wlocation not on record | 32 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 30 |
| Trondheim, NO | 29 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 27 |
| BClocation not on record | 26 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 25 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 24 |
| Salamanca, ES | 23 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 22 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 22 |
| Allentown, US | 20 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 20 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 20 |
| Zürich, CH | 19 |
| Bern, CH | 19 |
| Pamplona, ES | 17 |
| College Park, US | 16 |
| Vitoria, ES | 16 |
| Mlocation not on record | 16 |
| Corvallis, US | 15 |
| Madrid, ES | 14 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 14 |
| Helsinki, FI | 14 |
| Paris, FR | 14 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 14 |
| South Kensington, GB | 12 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 11 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 10 |
| Zürich, CH | 9 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 9 |
| Granada, ES | 9 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 8 |
| Pamplona, ES | 8 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 8 |
| Portland, US | 8 |
| Millersville, US | 8 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 7 |
| PRClocation not on record | 7 |
| Staten Island, US | 7 |
| Glarus, CH | 7 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 6 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 6 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 6 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 6 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Fulda, DE | 6 |
| Williamsburg, US | 6 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 6 |
| Bourges, FR | 5 |
| Saint Louis, US | 5 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 5 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Badajoz, ES | 5 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 5 |
| RABATlocation not on record | 5 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 4 |
| Bloomington, US | 4 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 4 |
| Tallinn, EE | 4 |
| Gijón, ES | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 3 |
| Fairfax, US | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 3 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 3 |
| Wellington, NZ | 3 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Jaén, ES | 3 |
| Lausanne, CH | 3 |
| Pullman, US | 2 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 2 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 2 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 2 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Davenport, US | 2 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 2 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 2 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 2 |
| Alicante, ES | 2 |
| Hunan Geological Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Provo, US | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 2 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 2 |
| Tartu, EE | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 2 |
| Namur, BE | 2 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Coimbra, PT | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| Santiago de Compostela, ES | 2 |
| Bangkok, TH | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| GAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Winterthur, CH | 1 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| ULBF-AGRlocation not on record | 1 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Fayetteville, US | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| MHNAIXlocation not on record | 1 |
| CIBIOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Edmonton, CA | 1 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Córdoba, ES | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mount Rainier National Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| Naturkundliche Sammlung Urilocation not on record | 1 |
| Norfolk, US | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| München, DE | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Johnson City, US | 1 |
| LUXEMBOURG, LU | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Banyoles, ES | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Porvoo, FI | 1 |
180 institutions · 4 653 of 4 973 vouchered records shown · 297 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA13 detections
Where the DNA of Geranium columbinum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found13
Studies independent surveys1
Countries4
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 13 detections have coordinates
Open the map4 countries0
sunny waste ground along the road; sandu cla…
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.5 °C 11.6–18.8
Seasonal swing summer↔winter12.0 °C
Max temp (day)17.4 °C 14.9–24.7
Min temp (night)11.2 °C 7.90–13.8
Precipitation72.2 mm/mo 52.0–82.1
Air humidity61.8 % 57.3–62.9
Moisture balance-31.5 mm/mo
Vapour deficit635 Pa 517–927
Wind speed4.10 m/s
Cloud cover44.6 % 34.8–56.3
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 9 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.