Garcinia cowa

Roxb. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Clusiaceae/Garcinia

At a glance

Occurrence records116

Data sources13

Biological traits33

DNA specimens9

eDNA detections7

Sources13 archives

Databases and archives Garcinia cowa's data was compiled from.

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility116 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗

NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources33 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS185 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF116 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries7 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD · NCBI9 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB · TreeOfSex2n = 72

01Narrative

云树（学名：）是金丝桃科藤黄属的植物。分布于安达曼群岛、中南半岛、孟加拉、印度、马来群岛以及中国大陆的云南等地，生长于海拔150米至1,300米的地区，一般生于沟谷和低丘陵潮湿的杂木林中，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology6

Leaf size3 250 mm²

Plant height10 m

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 10 m · TRY: 20 m

Plant height max30 m

Seed volume3 200 mm³

Seed volume max3 300 mm³

Seed volume min3 100 mm³

Life cycle & reproduction4

Deciduousnessevergreen

Life formtree

Life spanperennial

Raunkiær life formphanerophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment9

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatewet tropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessfleshy

Growth formtree

Leaf formelliptic

Mycorrhiza typearbuscular

Woodinesswoody

Physiology & chemistry8

Leaf c406 mg/g

Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)257 mg/g

Leaf n12.53 mg/g

Leaf p2.75 mg/g

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

Specific leaf area (SLA)15.23 mm²/mg

Wood density551 mg/cm³

Other traits5

Leaf marginentire

Leaf spinesno

Leaf thornsno

Sla max18.12 mm²/mg

Sla min12.8 mm²/mg

03Chemical composition185 compounds

Compounds documented for Garcinia cowa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

🍽 Used in cooking

Compound class profile5 classes

Plant xanthones99

Polyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)44

Unsaturated fatty acids5

Apocarotenoids(ε-)3

Flavanones $ Flavones3

Documented compounds185 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(+)-Ursolic Acid	present	NPASS
(1R)-1-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthene-2,9-dione	present	LOTUS
(1R,13R,15R,16S)-6,7-dihydroxy-16-methyl-1,13,15-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-16-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4,6,8-tetraene-10,12,17-trione	present	LOTUS
(1R,13R,15S)-13-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-6,7-dihydroxy-16,16-dimethyl-1,15-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4,6,8-tetraene-10,12,17-trione	present	LOTUS
(1R,3E,5S)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-1,7-bis[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione	present	LOTUS
(1R,6S,8R)-2,2,6,8-tetramethyl-7,11-dioxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,6]undec-4-ene	present	NPASS
(1S)-1-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthene-2,9-dione	present	LOTUS
(1S,13S,14S,15R)-6,7-dihydroxy-14-methyl-1,13,15-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-14-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4,6,8-tetraene-10,12,17-trione	present	LOTUS
(1S,13S,15S)-13-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-6,7-dihydroxy-16,16-dimethyl-1,15-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4,6,8-tetraene-10,12,17-trione	present	LOTUS
(1S,2R,7aS)-1,4,4,7a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-inden-2-ol	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding9 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Garcinia cowa has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens9

Marker genes3

GenBank sequences10

eDNA detections7

Countries2

The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species

ITSKX421317.1 ↗623 bp

ACGT

TCGAAACTCGCCAAATAGCACGACTCGTGAACTCGTTTACACATCGACAGAGGTGTGTGGTCAGTCATTGGATTGGCAACATACCTCTGT …

Garcinia cowa isolate 1 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK1★rbcL5★ITS4

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB · TreeOfSex

The complete instruction manual Garcinia cowa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 72 n = 36

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records52–722n range72median72mode3records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 722×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · TreeOfSex · plant

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Chennaveeraiah, M. S. & M. K. Razdan. 1980. Karyomorphological and phytochemical studies in evaluating species relationships in Garcinia Linn. and systematic position of G. xanthochymus complex. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 59: 251–262.

TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗

2n 521×CCDB · eflora

CCDB · eflora

n 262×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · TreeOfSex · plant

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Richards, A. J. 1990. Studies in Garcinia, dioecious tropical trees: agamospermy. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 233–250.

TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type116 records

Wild obs. + sensor8

Museum / vouchered108

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO128 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy33% within 1 km

≤100 m 1≤10 km 1>10 km 1

3 georeferenced · 5 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor8

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 1

1 georeferenced · 107 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence108

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions9 of 13 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Kunming, CN	62
Beijing, CN	29
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record	3
Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record	2
Guangzhou, CN	2
St. Augustine, TT	2
Monastir, TN	2
Guilin, CN	1
Fort Worth, US	1
Guiyang, CN	1
Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record	1
Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record	1
South Kensington, GB	1

13 institutions · 108 of 108 vouchered records shown

09Environmental DNA7 detections

Where the DNA of Garcinia cowa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found7

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 7 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median17.4 °C 17.4–17.4

Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.20 °C

Max temp (day)21.6 °C

Min temp (night)12.2 °C

Precipitation178 mm/mo

Air humidity65.7 %

Moisture balance78.2 mm/mo

Vapour deficit677 Pa

Wind speed1.80 m/s

Cloud cover43.7 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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