Galium tricornutum
Dandy · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Galium tricornutum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility16 665 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics12 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Galium tricornutum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names rough corn bedstraw, roughfruit corn bedstraw, and corn cleavers. It is widespread across most of Europe plus northern Africa and southern Asia, from Norway, Portugal and Morocco to China. It is also naturalized in Australia, the Canary Islands, Mauritius, Madeira, Réunion, Brazil, Argentina, and scattered locales in North America (mostly California and Oregon).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesBiota of North America ProgramAltervista Flora ItalianaFlora of China v 19 p 138, 麦仁珠 mai ren zhu Galium tricornutum is an annual herb with trailing or climbing stems up to about 35 centimeters in length. It forms tangled masses or spreads thin. The stems are sometimes nearly square in cross-section. Leaves are arranged in whorls of 6 to 8 about the stem and are narrow, pointed, and bordered with prickles. Flowers appear in thin clusters of white corollas. The fruits are spherical nutlets hanging in pairs at the leaf axils. This plant is sometimes a weed of grain fields,Dandy, James Edgar. 1957. Watsonia 4(1): 47–48Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.Bacigalupo, N.M., E. L. Cabral & C.M. Taylor. 2008. Rubiaceae. 107(3): 2871–2920. In F. O. Zuloaga, O. N. Morrone & M. J. Belgrano (eds.) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur, Monographs in Systematic Botany from Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. but it has been driven to the edge of extinction in the UK by drastically changed farming practices over the past 50 years.University of Oxford, Oxford Plants 400, https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/profiles/GH/Galiumtricornutum#:~:text=Galium%20tricornutum%20is%20an%20arable,plant%20of%20hedgerows%20and%20wasteground.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology17
Life cycle & reproduction18
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment14
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Galium tricornutum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile2 classes
Documented compounds2 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin 3-rutinoside | present | LOTUS | |
| trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Galium tricornutum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Galium tricornutum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 4425×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · nw-europe-fl +7
2n 223×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 225×CCDB · mediterranean · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015 +1
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type16 665 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions62 of 136 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| South Kensington, GB | 145 |
| Berlin, DE | 140 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 126 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 102 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 90 |
| LDlocation not on record | 73 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 55 |
| BMlocation not on record | 53 |
| Brussel, BE | 50 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 50 |
| València, ES | 49 |
| Adelaide, AU | 39 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 37 |
| BClocation not on record | 34 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 33 |
| MAlocation not on record | 30 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 30 |
| Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record | 28 |
| Madrid, ES | 27 |
| Barcelona, ES | 27 |
| Bern, CH | 26 |
| Kew, GB | 21 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 20 |
| Granada, ES | 20 |
| Salamanca, ES | 19 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 18 |
| Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg e.V.location not on record | 16 |
| Wlocation not on record | 15 |
| Vitoria, ES | 14 |
| Mlocation not on record | 12 |
| Córdoba, ES | 12 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 11 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| Jaén, ES | 11 |
| Turku, FI | 10 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 10 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 9 |
| Salzburg, AT | 9 |
| Yangling, CN | 9 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 9 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 8 |
| Pamplona, ES | 8 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 8 |
| Corvallis, US | 8 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 7 |
| Alicante, ES | 7 |
| Oulu, FI | 7 |
| University of Birminghamlocation not on record | 7 |
| EEZA-CSIClocation not on record | 7 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 7 |
| Olocation not on record | 6 |
| Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 6 |
| PRClocation not on record | 6 |
| Badajoz, ES | 6 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Lincoln City and County Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 5 |
| Zürich, CH | 5 |
| Warwickshire Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Coimbra, PT | 5 |
| Sevilla, ES | 5 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 4 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 4 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 4 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 4 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 4 |
| Canberra, AU | 4 |
| Trondheim, NO | 4 |
| Davis, US | 3 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 3 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| BM|Klocation not on record | 3 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 3 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 3 |
| ER Hellerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 2 |
| Kensington, AU | 2 |
| Bergen, NO | 2 |
| Brisbane, AU | 2 |
| Agriculture and Agri-Food Canadalocation not on record | 2 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 2 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 2 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Helsinki, FI | 2 |
| Palmerston, AU | 2 |
| Hunan Geological Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| San Diego, US | 2 |
| Arcata, US | 1 |
| BM|DHMlocation not on record | 1 |
| BIRM|Klocation not on record | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| BIRM|CGElocation not on record | 1 |
| New Brunswick, US | 1 |
| Kuopio, FI | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| RDGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistanlocation not on record | 1 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| BM|CGElocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| UBT-Kaullocation not on record | 1 |
| Tolson Memorial Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Post Graduate College Bannulocation not on record | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| BM|CGE|Klocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Bozeman, US | 1 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 1 |
| CGE|WARMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 1 |
| PVTlocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
Where the DNA of Galium tricornutum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.