Galium odoratum
(L.) Scop. · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Galium odoratum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation14 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility324 861 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI17 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics33 specimens↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Galium odoratum, the sweet woodruff or sweetscented bedstraw, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to much of Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia, as well as Western Siberia, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, China and Japan. It is also sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in the United States and Canada. It is widely cultivated for its flowers and its sweet-smelling foliage. A herbaceous plant, it grows to 30 - long, often lying flat on the ground or supported by other plants. It owes its sweet smell to the odoriferous agent coumarin, and is sometimes used as a flavouring agent due to its chemical content.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology13
Life cycle & reproduction12
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry9
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Galium odoratum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds45 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| EMULSIN | 450,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| COUMARIN | 13,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ASPERULOSIDE | 500 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Galium odoratum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Galium odoratum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 4422×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · brit-fl +12
2n 224×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015 +1
2n 662×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 224×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015 · TreeOfSex · plant
n 01×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type324 861 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions95 of 196 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 9 278 |
| Olocation not on record | 806 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 520 |
| Trondheim, NO | 395 |
| LDlocation not on record | 361 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 338 |
| Bergen, NO | 236 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 231 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 191 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 189 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 177 |
| Salzburg, AT | 135 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 131 |
| Nagano City, JP | 117 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 101 |
| Turku, FI | 82 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 79 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 66 |
| Görlitz, DE | 62 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 59 |
| Kuopio, FI | 48 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 47 |
| Wlocation not on record | 41 |
| JP | 36 |
| Tartu, EE | 36 |
| Uppsala, SE | 35 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 34 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 33 |
| Toyama, JP | 32 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 31 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 31 |
| Berlin, DE | 28 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 28 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 28 |
| South Kensington, GB | 27 |
| Vitoria, ES | 26 |
| Tallinn, EE | 26 |
| Oulu, FI | 26 |
| Otaru, JP | 25 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 23 |
| Barcelona, ES | 23 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 22 |
| NSMKlocation not on record | 21 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 20 |
| MAlocation not on record | 19 |
| València, ES | 19 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 18 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 18 |
| Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record | 17 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 17 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 17 |
| Zürich, CH | 16 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 16 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 16 |
| Beijing, CN | 15 |
| KIRMlocation not on record | 15 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 15 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 15 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 15 |
| Yangling, CN | 14 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 14 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 13 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 13 |
| Fulda, DE | 12 |
| Salamanca, ES | 11 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 11 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 11 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 11 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 11 |
| Bern, CH | 11 |
| nbflocation not on record | 10 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 10 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 10 |
| Porvoo, FI | 9 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 9 |
| UniKSlocation not on record | 8 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 8 |
| Helsinki, FI | 8 |
| Mlocation not on record | 8 |
| Portland, US | 8 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 7 |
| Pullman, US | 7 |
| PRClocation not on record | 6 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 6 |
| Denver, US | 6 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 6 |
| Stockholm, SE | 6 |
| SIHUlocation not on record | 6 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 6 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 6 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 6 |
| Sendai, JP | 5 |
| Badajoz, ES | 5 |
| Dresden, DE | 5 |
| Millersville, US | 5 |
| Tilburg, NL | 5 |
| Pamplona, ES | 5 |
| Vancouver, CA | 5 |
| Madrid, ES | 5 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 5 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 4 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 4 |
| University of Gdansk, Dept. of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservationlocation not on record | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| Bourges, FR | 4 |
| Zürich, CH | 4 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 4 |
| Kew, GB | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Durham, US | 3 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 3 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Madison, US | 3 |
| Corvallis, US | 3 |
| Tomioka, JP | 3 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 3 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 3 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 3 |
| Kushiro City Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 3 |
| Sevilla, ES | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Glarus, CH | 3 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| The Cattle Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Tacoma, US | 2 |
| Alicante, ES | 2 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 2 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 2 |
| 东北师范大学自然博物馆location not on record | 2 |
| Urumqi, CN | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| Brussel, BE | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Montréal, CA | 1 |
| KR | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 1 |
| Metsähallituslocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 1 |
| Kyoto Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| SGAV-and-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Forssa, FI | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Irkutsk State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Jaén, ES | 1 |
| Sapporo, JP | 1 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 1 |
| Xining, CN | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Namur, BE | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| ENTClocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Oswego, US | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Galium odoratum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.