Galeopsis tetrahit
speciesAt a glance
Sources16 archives
Databases and archives Galeopsis tetrahit's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility381 400 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI23 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics41 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Galeopsis tetrahit, the common hemp-nettle or brittlestem hempnettle, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe and northwestern Asia. It is a herbaceous annual plant growing to 1 m tall; it is a pioneer species and thrives on disturbed sites or roadsides. The plant looks like mint but is taller. The stems have reflexed hairs and swollen nodes. In cross section, the stem is square. The leaves are rhombic to elliptic, with coarsely to bluntly serrate edges. The flowers are multicoloured, with purple, pink, or white areas; diminutive, bilateral and snapdragon-like, and are mostly visited by bumblebees. The species is considered by some authorities to have arisen as a natural hybrid between Galeopsis pubescens and Galeopsis speciosa.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology19
Life cycle & reproduction13
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry8
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Galeopsis tetrahit across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds62 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| EO | 400 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE | 128 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| CARYOPHYLLENE | 40 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| GERMACRENE-D | 22 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| LINALOL | 12 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ALPHA-HUMULENE | 6 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| COPAENE | 5 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| 3-OCTANOL | 4 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Galeopsis tetrahit has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Galeopsis tetrahit carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3237×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · slov-fl +13
2n 161×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 301×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
n 1612×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 +1
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type381 400 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions127 of 240 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 13 018 |
| Olocation not on record | 543 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 507 |
| Salzburg, AT | 422 |
| LDlocation not on record | 386 |
| Québec, CA | 216 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 194 |
| Uppsala, SE | 188 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 170 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 146 |
| Bergen, NO | 144 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 121 |
| Trondheim, NO | 112 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 107 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 99 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 97 |
| St. Paul, US | 78 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 76 |
| Oulu, FI | 74 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 72 |
| Saint John, CA | 70 |
| Philadelphia, US | 67 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 65 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 63 |
| Mlocation not on record | 62 |
| South Kensington, GB | 60 |
| Philadelphia, US | 58 |
| Tartu, EE | 58 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 54 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 53 |
| Turku, FI | 53 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 52 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 51 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 51 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 50 |
| Garðabær, IS | 50 |
| Görlitz, DE | 48 |
| Montréal, CA | 45 |
| Zürich, CH | 45 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 44 |
| Burlington, US | 41 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 41 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 40 |
| Tallinn, EE | 37 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 35 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 35 |
| Montréal, CA | 34 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 31 |
| Green Bay, US | 28 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 27 |
| Bronx, US | 27 |
| Bern, CH | 27 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 26 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 26 |
| Berlin, DE | 24 |
| Kuopio, FI | 21 |
| Helsinki, FI | 21 |
| New Haven, US | 21 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 21 |
| Toronto, CA | 21 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 21 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 19 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 19 |
| BClocation not on record | 18 |
| Xining, CN | 16 |
| Madison, US | 16 |
| València, ES | 16 |
| MAlocation not on record | 15 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 15 |
| Zürich, CH | 15 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 15 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 14 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 13 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 13 |
| Vancouver, CA | 13 |
| Barcelona, ES | 13 |
| Missoula, US | 12 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 12 |
| Madrid, ES | 11 |
| Pullman, US | 11 |
| Wlocation not on record | 11 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 11 |
| Salamanca, ES | 11 |
| Allentown, US | 11 |
| Bangkok, TH | 11 |
| Paris, FR | 10 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 10 |
| Vitoria, ES | 10 |
| Victoria, CA | 10 |
| 10 | |
| GJOlocation not on record | 10 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 9 |
| Tilburg, NL | 9 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 9 |
| Bloomington, US | 9 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 8 |
| Anchorage, US | 8 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 8 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 8 |
| Sion, CH | 7 |
| Glarus, CH | 7 |
| Fulda, DE | 7 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 6 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 6 |
| Durham, US | 6 |
| Porvoo, FI | 5 |
| Bozeman, US | 5 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Pittsburg, US | 5 |
| IDElocation not on record | 5 |
| Podgorica, ME | 5 |
| EL PASO, US | 5 |
| Salvador, BR | 5 |
| Bourges, FR | 5 |
| Forssa, FI | 5 |
| Wellington, NZ | 5 |
| Beijing, CN | 5 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| nbflocation not on record | 4 |
| US | 4 |
| Saint Louis, US | 4 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 4 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 4 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 4 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 4 |
| Nanjing, CN | 4 |
| University of Lethbridgelocation not on record | 3 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 3 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 3 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 3 |
| Dresden, DE | 3 |
| Granada, ES | 3 |
| Knoxville, US | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| Hamilton, US | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Fargo, US | 3 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| Auckland, NZ | 3 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 2 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 2 |
| Pacific Lutheran Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Winterthur, CH | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Dhaka, BD | 2 |
| Tacoma, US | 2 |
| Spearfish, US | 2 |
| Göteborg, SE | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 2 |
| DULlocation not on record | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| Royal Alberta Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| College Park, US | 2 |
| Namur, BE | 2 |
| Memorial University of Newfoundlandlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 2 |
| Davenport, US | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 2 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 2 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| “Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University" NPLClocation not on record | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| PRClocation not on record | 1 |
| Corvallis, US | 1 |
| Musee National d'histoire Naturelle Luxembourglocation not on record | 1 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| NoColllocation not on record | 1 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| ZRC-SAZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Hobart, AU | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| WINlocation not on record | 1 |
| Samara National Research Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| BGBMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jaén, ES | 1 |
| SWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Trois-Rivières, CA | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 1 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Umeå Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| BG-NMNHSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Morgantown, US | 1 |
| Gijón, ES | 1 |
| Boumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Durango, US | 1 |
| STUlocation not on record | 1 |
| McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| POL003location not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Churchill Northern Studies Centrelocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Galeopsis tetrahit was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.