A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Galaxaura rugosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens39
BINs4
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections16
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
OtherAsiaN.America
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P★rbcL10CYTBEF2PSBA
animal barcodeplant barcodemitochondrialmarker
06Genome at a glanceGoaT
The complete instruction manualGalaxaura rugosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size1 124 700 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Galaxaura rugosa1.12 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type2 951 records
Wild obs. + sensor637
Museum / vouchered2 015
Cultivated / captive15
Other284
Origin
Native77
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 332 km²
Depth
0–200 m sunlit209
200–1000 m twilight1
1–4 km midnight0
>4 km abyssal0
median 4.4 m · max 275 m · 210 records with depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy68% within 1 km
≤100 m 146≤1 km 61≤10 km 74>10 km 22
303 georeferenced · 334 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor637
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy49% within 1 km
≤100 m 208≤1 km 346≤10 km 493>10 km 80
1 127 georeferenced · 888 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 015
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km
≤1 km 3
3 georeferenced · 12 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living15
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions30 of 60 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Ann Arbor, US
210
Honolulu, US
155
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
152
BISHlocation not on record
136
Kensington, AU
92
Mexico City, MX
82
Durham, US
71
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
71
Brisbane, AU
59
Bronx, US
55
Adelaide, AU
53
University of Hawaii at Manoalocation not on record
52
MeiseBGlocation not on record
45
UFBAlocation not on record
37
Ciudad de México, MX
32
Mount Annan, AU
19
Hobart, AU
18
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
16
Feira de Santana, BR
15
Chapel Hill, US
12
San Diego, US
12
Wellington, NZ
9
South Kensington, GB
8
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Surlocation not on record
7
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
7
Tampa, US
6
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Unidad de Ciencias del Agualocation not on record
5
GENTlocation not on record
5
IPA/SPlocation not on record
4
Brown Universitylocation not on record
4
Durham, US
4
Minia, EG
4
Auckland, NZ
3
Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record
3
New Haven, US
2
JBRJlocation not on record
2
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
2
UFSClocation not on record
2
Chaguaramas, TT
2
PHlocation not on record
2
LDlocation not on record
2
Columbia, US
2
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andreis - Invemarlocation not on record
2
Instituto do Meio Ambientelocation not on record
2
Burlington, US
1
Universidad de Autonoma de Baja Californialocation not on record
1
Champaign, US
1
Millersville, US
1
Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacionallocation not on record
1
Corvallis, US
1
Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record
1
Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias (FCME)location not on record
1
València, ES
1
Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washingtonlocation not on record
1
Christchurch, NZ
1
FLASlocation not on record
1
Trondheim, NO
1
Clocation not on record
1
GRAlocation not on record
1
UFRPElocation not on record
1
60 institutions · 1 499 of 2 015 vouchered records shown · 333 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA16 detections
Where the DNA of Galaxaura rugosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found16
Studies independent surveys1
Countries6
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 16 detections have coordinates
Open the map6 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median18.9 °C 15.1–26.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.90 °C
Max temp (day)22.0 °C 21.2–27.6
Min temp (night)14.7 °C 8.80–24.9
Precipitation328 mm/mo 30.8–334
Air humidity63.5 % 49.4–65.8
Moisture balance229 mm/mo
Vapour deficit751 Pa 747–1,339
Wind speed3.10 m/s
Cloud cover42.1 % 23.3–47.8
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 9 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility2 155 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System796 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI16 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics39 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome ~1.12 Gbp↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗