Francolinus francolinus
(Linnaeus, 1766) · speciesAt a glance
Sources8 archives
Databases and archives Francolinus francolinus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation15 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility57 085 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI13 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics13 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
IOC World Bird ListIOCbird checklist↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. It was formerly known as the black partridge. It is the state bird of Haryana state, India (locally known as Kaala Teetar काला तीतर).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology14
Life cycle & reproduction7
Diet & foraging7
Habitat & environment4
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Francolinus francolinus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type57 085 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions13 of 62 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| The Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH)location not on record | 300 |
| The Field Museum, Chicago, USAlocation not on record | 109 |
| Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (UMMZ), USAlocation not on record | 79 |
| Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU), Moscow, Russialocation not on record | 74 |
| American Museum of Natural History, New York, USAlocation not on record | 52 |
| Zoological Institute RAS, St Petersburg, Russialocation not on record | 44 |
| Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State Universitylocation not on record | 30 |
| Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, USAlocation not on record | 28 |
| Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, USAlocation not on record | 20 |
| Washington, US | 20 |
| Natural History Musuem, Vienna, Austrialocation not on record | 18 |
| Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, UKlocation not on record | 12 |
| Honolulu, US | 9 |
| British Library National Sound Archive (NSA), UKlocation not on record | 9 |
| Yale Peabody Museum, USAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germanylocation not on record | 6 |
| Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, USAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Museo Zoologico de La Specola, Florence, Italylocation not on record | 6 |
| Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Belgiumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Germanylocation not on record | 6 |
| SMNHTAUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Francelocation not on record | 5 |
| National Museum of Irelandlocation not on record | 5 |
| Liverpool Museum, UKlocation not on record | 4 |
| South Australian Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germanylocation not on record | 4 |
| ASNHClocation not on record | 4 |
| Geneva, CH | 4 |
| München, DE | 3 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 3 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Zoological Museum Amsterdam, Netherlandslocation not on record | 3 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 3 |
| Seattle, US | 3 |
| Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Swedenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Copenhagen, DK | 3 |
| Musee Zoologie, Lausanne, Switzerlandlocation not on record | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| University of Copenhagen Museum of Zoology, Denmarklocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, USAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Neuchatel, Switzerlandlocation not on record | 2 |
| Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerlandlocation not on record | 2 |
| Musee Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle, Francelocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, UKlocation not on record | 2 |
| Zografou, GR | 2 |
| Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, UKlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Geneve, Switzerlandlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bristol Museums and Art Gallery Service, UKlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nottinghamshire Biological and Geological Records Centre, UKlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zoologisk Museum, Lund, Swedenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Ornitologico 'F. Foschi', Italylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kaunas Zoological Museum, Lithuanialocation not on record | 1 |
| National Museums and Galleries of Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History, USAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zoologisk Museum, Bergen, Norwaylocation not on record | 1 |
| Delaware Museum of Natural History, USAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Switzerlandlocation not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Francolinus francolinus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.