Ficus ingens, the red-leaved fig, is a fig species with an extensive range in the subtropical to dry tropical regions of Africa and southern Arabia. Despite its specific name, which means "huge", or "vast", it is usually a shrub or tree of modest proportions. It is a fig of variable habit depending on the local climate and substrate, typically a stunted subshrub on elevated rocky ridges, or potentially a large tree on warmer plains and lowlands. In 1829 the missionary Robert Moffat found a rare giant specimen, into which seventeen thatch huts of a native tribe were placed, so as to be out of reach of lions.Moffat relates it thus: "My attention was arrested by a beautiful and gigantic tree [a species of ficus], standing in a defile ... Seeing some individuals employed under its shade ... and houses in miniature protruding through its evergreen foliage, I proceeded thither, and found that the tree was inhabited by several families of Bakones, ... I ascended by the notched trunk, and found, to my amazement, no less than seventeen of these aerial abodes, and three others unfinished. On reaching the topmost [30 feet up], I entered, and sat down. I asked a woman who sat at the door permission to eat [a bowl full of locusts]. This she granted with pleasure, ... and soon brought me more ... Several more females came from the neighbouring roosts, stepping from branch to branch, to see the stranger, ... I then visited the different abodes, which were on several principal branches. ... A person can nearly stand upright in it: the diameter of the floor is about six feet [with] a little square space before the door." See:In the 1960s the tree was rediscovered by Eve Palmer at Boshoek north of Rustenburg. By the 1970s though, it had begun to collapse under its own weight. cf.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Habitat GIFTmost often on rock outcrops, coral and limestone in dry areas, streamsides, disturbed forest, coastal bushland and wooded grassland
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry3
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Wood density508 mg/cm³
Other traits1
Plant support typefree-standing
05DNA & barcoding12 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ficus ingens has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens12
Marker genes7
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections6
Countries3
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK2★rbcL2★rbcLa★trnL-F★ITS6★ITS2trnH-psbA
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
07Deep time2.58–0 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range2.58–0 Ma Pleistocene, Holocene
Dated fossil finds1
DNA clock origin14.9 Ma TimeTree
Ghost lineage12.3 Myr older than any fossil
StatusStill living record runs to the present
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Ficus ingens. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil. Where the DNA reaches further back than the oldest fossil, the gap is hatched: the ghost lineage. It means the lineage was already out there, but has left us nothing we have dug up yet.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated findDNA clock originghost lineage
How it livedPBDB
Dietphotoautotroph
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type1 841 records
Wild obs. + sensor1 183
Museum / vouchered555
Fossil1
Other102
Origin
Native7
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 148 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy92% within 1 km
≤100 m 561≤1 km 126≤10 km 46>10 km 11
744 georeferenced · 439 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor1 183
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy36% within 1 km
≤100 m 1≤1 km 3≤10 km 6>10 km 1
11 georeferenced · 544 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence555
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions22 of 63 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Saint Louis, US
49
Kew, GB
39
HNBlocation not on record
38
Pretoria, ZA
28
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
26
MeiseBGlocation not on record
25
LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record
19
Yaoundé, CM
18
WAGlocation not on record
13
LNBG$location not on record
12
Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record
11
Frankfurt am Main
11
Paris, FR
8
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record
8
Université du Lomélocation not on record
7
Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record
6
Berlin, DE
6
Cape Town, ZA
4
MAlocation not on record
4
Stockholm, SE
4
National Museums of Kenyalocation not on record
3
CJBGlocation not on record
3
EFGlocation not on record
3
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
3
Glocation not on record
3
MSB-3054location not on record
3
Université National du Béninlocation not on record
3
Wlocation not on record
2
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record
2
Botanic Gardenlocation not on record
2
TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record
2
Elocation not on record
2
Zürich, CH
2
Plocation not on record
2
Riverside, US
2
Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record
2
BRLUlocation not on record
2
Haramaya Universitylocation not on record
2
Honolulu, US
1
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, United States National Herbariumlocation not on record
1
Budapest, HU
1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
1
UJLOGlocation not on record
1
University of Johannesburglocation not on record
1
Xiamen, CN
1
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record
1
Philadelphia, US
1
Addis Ababa, ET
1
University of Hargeisalocation not on record
1
Arusha, TZ
1
Edinburgh, GB
1
Davis, US
1
Bronx, US
1
University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record
1
BISHlocation not on record
1
EAlocation not on record
1
Goucher Collegelocation not on record
1
Botanical Garden "Anastasie Fatu" of Iasilocation not on record
1
Claremont, US
1
DSMlocation not on record
1
University of Oxfordlocation not on record
1
Uppsala, SE
1
FTlocation not on record
1
63 institutions · 404 of 555 vouchered records shown · 150 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA6 detections
Where the DNA of Ficus ingens was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found6
Studies independent surveys1
Countries3
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 6 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
escarpment;Red soil
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median18.8 °C 13.7–25.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter8.70 °C
Max temp (day)26.6 °C 19.5–30.3
Min temp (night)13.2 °C 7.00–19.3
Precipitation43.8 mm/mo 14.5–96.8
Air humidity51.2 % 48.7–58.6
Moisture balance-76.9 mm/mo -128–-51.6
Vapour deficit1,186 Pa 734–1,496
Wind speed2.80 m/s 2.50–4.70
Cloud cover26.0 % 14.6–45.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.