Ficaria verna
Huds. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Ficaria verna's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation13 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility539 957 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI26 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics38 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Ficaria verna (formerly Ranunculus ficaria ), commonly known as lesser celandine or pilewort, is a low-growing, hairless perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae native to Europe and Western Asia. It has fleshy dark green, heart-shaped leaves and distinctive flowers with bright yellow, glossy petals.Functional optics of glossy buttercup flowers Journal of the Royal Society Interface 14:20160933Buttercups focus light to heat their flowers and attract insects New Scientist 25 February 2017 It is now introduced in North America, where it is known by the common name fig buttercup and considered an invasive species. The plant is poisonous if ingested raw and potentially fatal to grazing animals and livestock such as horses, cattle, and sheep. For these reasons, several US states have banned the plant or listed it as a noxious weed. It prefers bare, damp ground and is considered by horticulturalists in the United Kingdom as a persistent garden weed; nevertheless, many specialist plantsmen, nursery owners and discerning gardeners in the UK and Europe collect selected cultivars of the plant, including bronze-leaved and double-flowered ones. Emerging in late winter with flowers appearing late February through May in the UK, its appearance across the landscape is regarded by many as a harbinger of spring.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology9
Life cycle & reproduction2
Habitat & environment5
Physiology & chemistry7
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Ficaria verna across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile2 classes
Documented compounds2 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| protocatechuate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ficaria verna has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Ficaria verna carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3280×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl +15
2n 1655×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl +12
2n 248×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · brit-fl +5
2n 183×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · brit-fl
2n 202×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · brit-fl
2n 222×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · brit-fl
2n 402×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
2n 151×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
2n 211×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
n 84×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type539 957 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions72 of 140 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 5 476 |
| Helsinki, FI | 453 |
| LDlocation not on record | 328 |
| Görlitz, DE | 292 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 270 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 194 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 153 |
| Turku, FI | 152 |
| Trondheim, NO | 152 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 147 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 129 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 105 |
| Oulu, FI | 76 |
| Olocation not on record | 76 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 75 |
| Bergen, NO | 74 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 67 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 64 |
| Kuopio, FI | 56 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 55 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 54 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 47 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 36 |
| Tampere, FI | 36 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 33 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 31 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 30 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 26 |
| Porvoo, FI | 25 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 25 |
| Auckland, NZ | 19 |
| Berlin, DE | 18 |
| Corvallis, US | 16 |
| Portland, US | 13 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 13 |
| Mlocation not on record | 13 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 13 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 11 |
| Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherovlocation not on record | 11 |
| Wlocation not on record | 11 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 11 |
| Bronx, US | 11 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 10 |
| Uppsala, SE | 10 |
| Zürich, CH | 9 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 9 |
| Odawara, JP | 9 |
| Tallinn, EE | 9 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 8 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 8 |
| South Kensington, GB | 8 |
| IB FRC Komi SC UB RASlocation not on record | 8 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Dresden, DE | 6 |
| Canberra, AU | 6 |
| UniKSlocation not on record | 6 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 6 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 6 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 6 |
| Clemson, US | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 5 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 4 |
| New Brunswick, US | 4 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 4 |
| Fairfax, US | 4 |
| Zürich, CH | 4 |
| Williamsburg, US | 4 |
| Tartu, EE | 4 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 4 |
| GAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Columbia, US | 3 |
| Norfolk, US | 3 |
| Minia, EG | 3 |
| Hobart, AU | 3 |
| Osaka, JP | 3 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Herb. BBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Badajoz, ES | 3 |
| PRClocation not on record | 3 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| Kochi, JP | 2 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 2 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 2 |
| Toyama, JP | 2 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 2 |
| Asheville, US | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Beijing, CN | 2 |
| Voronezh State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet w Białymstokulocation not on record | 2 |
| Göteborg, SE | 2 |
| nbflocation not on record | 2 |
| Madison, US | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| Forssa, FI | 2 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Parkville, AU | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Sanda, JP | 1 |
| BG-NMNHSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Rovaniemi, FI | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 1 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Genevalocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| *unvoucheredlocation not on record | 1 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| Pittsburg, US | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ficaria verna was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.