Festuca bromoides
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records5 603
Data sources11
Biological traits74
DNA specimens38
eDNA detections20
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Festuca bromoides's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility5 603 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI20 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics38 specimens↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗On this page6 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements5 literature sources74 traits
Occurrence & distributionGBIF5 603 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 7 countries20 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD38 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT2.9 Gbp
01Narrative
Vulpia bromoides, squirreltail fescue, barren fescue or brome fescue, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a winter annual native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia, but has been introduced to parts of the America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and isolated parts of East Asia.}}
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTAusTraitsLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology27
Inflorescence length max12 cm
Inflorescence length min2 cm
Leaf length39.75 mm
Leaf length max100 mm
Leaf length min20 mm
Leaf mass1.2 mg
⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 1.2 mg · LEDA: 1.84 mg
Leaf mass per area43.04 g/m2
Leaf size80.1 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 80.1 mm² · AusTraits: 30.96 mm² · LEDA: 42 mm² · GIFT: 40.67 mm²
Leaf width1.18 mm
⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 1.18 mm · GIFT: 1 mm
Leaf width max2 mm
Leaf width min0.5 mm
Plant height0.172 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.172 m · AusTraits: 0.27 m · LEDA: 0.045 m · TRY: 0.19 m
Plant height generative0.163 m
Plant height max0.8 m
Plant height min0.05 m
Seed length11.7 mm
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 11.7 mm · GIFT: 3.6 mm
Seed length max3.6 mm
Seed length min3.6 mm
Seed mass0.48 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 0.48 mg · AusTraits: 0.316 mg · LEDA: 0.527 mg · GIFT: 0.471 mg
Seed mass max0.54 mg
Seed mass min0.3 mg
Seed volume0.42 mm³
Seed volume max0.42 mm³
Seed volume min0.42 mm³
Seed width0.5 mm
Seed width max0.5 mm
Seed width min0.5 mm
Life cycle & reproduction19
Deciduousnessdeciduous
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower length max8 mm
Flower length min5 mm
Flowering endJun
Flowering startMay
Flowering timennnnnnnnyyyn
Life formannual
Life spanannual
Lifespan years1 years
Pollination modeabiotic
Pollination syndromewind
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Reproduction asexualabsent
Reproductive maturity1 years
Resprouting capacityfire_killed
Seed number2 657
Self fertilizationabsent
Sex typehermaphrodite
Diet & foraging2
Carnivorynon-carnivorous
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment13
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max3 500 m
Elevation min0 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit fleshinessdry
Fruit typecaryopsis
Growth formherb
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · AusTraits: graminoid herb · TRY: annual grass
Habitat GIFTA weed. On maritime mountain slopes
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Mycorrhiza typearbuscular
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry9
Leaf C:N ratio27.13 g/g
Leaf c398 mg/g
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)249 mg/g
Leaf n17.75 mg/g
Leaf p1.09 mg/g
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)20.75 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 20.75 mm²/mg · LEDA: 23.5 mm²/mg · GIFT: 20.86 mm²/mg
Other traits4
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
Inflorescencepanicle
Seeds per fruit>1000
Shoot orientationascending
05DNA & barcoding38 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Festuca bromoides has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens38
Marker genes5
eDNA detections20
Countries7
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Festuca bromoides carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size2 866 029 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Festuca bromoides2.87 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 14 n = 7
Ploidy2× diploid · measured
Chromosome records14–142n range14median14mode34records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 1434×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · brit-fl +13
GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗
CCDB · brit-fl — Hedberg, I., Hedberg, O. Bot. Not. 114: 397-399 (1961)
CCDB · brit-fl — Cotton, R. (1974)
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribuiao para o conhecimento cariolgico das halfitas e psamfitas litorais. 142-162. Coimbra. Mesquita Rodrigues, J. E.*(1953).
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribuiao para o conhecimento citotaxonmico das spermatophyta de Portugal. I. Gramineae, supl. 1 Queirs, M.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 247: 77-103(1973).
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=4465
CCDB · fl-europaea — Femandes & Queiros,
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Stace, C. A. & M. M. Ainscough. 1984. Continuing addition to the gene-pool of the Festuca rubra aggregate (Poaceae: Poeae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 147: 227–236.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Queirós, M. & J. Ormonde. 1984. Contribução para o conhecimento citotaxonómico da florados Açores - I. Bol. Soc. Brot. 57: 77–85.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Barker, C. M. & C. A. Stace. 1982. Hybridization in the genera Vulpia and Festuca: the production of artificial F;i1 plants. Nordic J. Bot. 2: 435–444.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Bailey, J. P. & C. A. Stace. 1989. IOPB chromosome data 1. Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. (Zurich) 13: 16.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Morton, J. K. 1993. Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Bot. 121: 159–172.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gregor, T. & R. Hand. 2009. Chromosomenzahlen von Farn- und Samenpflanzen aus Deutschland 4. Kochia 4: 37–46.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Valdés, B. & R. Parra. 1997. Números cromosómicos de plantas de Marruecos, 1. Lagascalia 20(1): 161–166.
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — HOLUB, J., J. MESICEK, & v. JAVURKOVA. 1972. Annotated chromo- some counts of Czechoslovak plants (31-60). (Materials for a Flora CSSR-3) Folia Geob. Phyto. (Czech. l 7: 167-202.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — TAYLOR, R.L., & G.A. MULLIGAN. 1968. Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Part 2. Cytological aspects of the Vascular Plants. Queen's Printer, Ottawa. pp. 148.
CCDB · book-northern-plants — Stahlin 1929.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — QUEIROS, M. 1973. Contribuicao para o conhecimento citotaxonomico dj spermatophyta de Portugal. I. Gramineae, Supl. I. Bol. Soc. Brot. I 4 7 ( Ser . 2 ) : 7 7- 1 0 3 .
CCDB · book-fedorov — Stahlin 1929
CCDB · book-fedorov — Parodi 1946
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Stiihlin 1929
CCDB · kew — Smarda P, Bures P, Horova L, Foggi B, Rossi G. 2008. Genome size and GC content evolution of Festuca: Ancestral expansion and subsequent reduction. Annals of Botany 101: 421-433.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Bailey, J. P. & Stace, C. A. (1989). IOPB chromosome data 1 International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter 13: 16
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Barker, C. M. & C. A. Stace (1982). Hybridization in the genera Vulpia and Festuca: the production of artificial plants. Nordic Journal of Botany 2: 435-444
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Mesquita Rodrigues, J. E. (1953). Contribuiçao para o conhecimento cariológico das halófilas e psamófitas litorais. Diss. Univ. Coimbra 1-210
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Morton, J. K. (1993). Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Bot. 121: 159-172.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Queirós, M. & J. Ormonde. (1984). Contribuiçao para o conhecimiento citotaxonómico da flora dos Açores. I. Bol. Soc. Brot. 57: 77-85.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Queirós, M. (1973a). Contribuiçao para o conhecimento citotaxonómico das Spermatophyta de Portugal. I. Gramineae, supl. 1. Bol. Soc. Brot. 47: 77-103.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Stace, C. A. & M. M. Ainscough (1984). Continuing addition to the gene-pool of the Festuca rubra aggregate (Poaceae: Poeae) Plant Systematics and Evolution 147: 227-236
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Holub, J., Mesícek, J. & Javürková, V. (1972). Annotated chromosome counts of Czechoslovak plants (31-60). Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Bohem.) 7: 167-202.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Bailey, J. P. & Stace, C. A. (1990). IOPB Chromosome Data 1 (ed. C.A. Stace). Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. 13: 16.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Auquier, P. & Renard, R. (1977). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LVII]. Taxon 26(4): 452.
CCDB · Original-count — Schneider, J., Winterfeld, G., Röser, M. (2012). Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics. Organisms Diversity Evol. 12: 113–132. doi: 10.1007/s13127-012-0077-9
n 76×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribucin al conocimiento cariolgico de las Poaceae en Extremadura (Espaa). III. Devesa, J. A. & al.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 264: 35-74(1991).
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Spies, J. J. & S. Voges. 1988. Chromosome studies on African plants. 7. Bothalia 18: 114–119.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Gregor, T. & R. Hand. 2009. Chromosomenzahlen von Farn- und Samenpflanzen aus Deutschland 4. Kochia 4: 37–46.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Devesa, J. A., T. RUIZ, M. C. Viera, R. Tormo, F. Vázquez, J. P. Carrasco, A. Ortega & J. Pastor. 1991. Contribución al conocimiento cariológico de las Poaceae en Extremadura (España)---III. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 64: 35–74.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Spies, J. J. & S. P. Voges. (1988). Chromosome studies on African plants. 7. Bothalia 18: 114-119.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Spies, J.J., S.M.C. Van Wyk, I.C. Nieman & E.J.L. Liebenberg (1997). Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 3. The Tribe Poeae Bothalia 27:75-82
n 211×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Spies, J.J., S.M.C. Van Wyk, I.C. Nieman & E.J.L. Liebenberg (1997). Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 3. The Tribe Poeae Bothalia 27:75-82
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type5 603 records
Wild obs. + sensor4 693
Museum / vouchered874
Cultivated / captive19
Other17
Origin
Native47
Introduced2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO6 432 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy96% within 1 km
≤100 m 665≤1 km 3 742≤10 km 152>10 km 14
4 573 georeferenced · 120 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor4 693
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy73% within 1 km
≤100 m 49≤1 km 255≤10 km 93>10 km 20
417 georeferenced · 457 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence874
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 19 records without
Open the mapnot free-living19
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions40 of 66 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Santa Barbara, US | 158 |
| Auckland, NZ | 131 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 103 |
| San Diego, US | 64 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 50 |
| US | 48 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 44 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 29 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 24 |
| Riverside, US | 15 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 12 |
| Helsinki, FI | 11 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 11 |
| Claremont, US | 10 |
| Uppsala, SE | 10 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 8 |
| Brussel, BE | 6 |
| Logan, US | 6 |
| Canadian Museum of Nature, National Herbarium of Canadalocation not on record | 5 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 5 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 5 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| Jackson, US | 4 |
| Phoenix, US | 4 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 4 |
| Irvine, US | 3 |
| Arcata, US | 3 |
| San Jose, US | 3 |
| Davis, US | 3 |
| Portland, US | 3 |
| Catalina Island Conservancylocation not on record | 3 |
| Universität Tübingenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 2 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Victoria, CA | 2 |
| Valparaíso, CL | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| BClocation not on record | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Los Angeles, US | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Portland, US | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| Chadron, US | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| STNFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Córdoba, AR | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
66 institutions · 845 of 874 vouchered records shown · 25 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA20 detections
Where the DNA of Festuca bromoides was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found20
Studies independent surveys1
Countries7
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 20 detections have coordinates
Open the map7 countries0
Montane meadow, Soil: James Cyn loamon rocky cliff
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.2 °C 11.9–16.8
Seasonal swing summer↔winter12.1 °C
Max temp (day)17.2 °C 14.9–22.2
Min temp (night)10.4 °C 7.80–13.3
Precipitation73.7 mm/mo 19.7–99.1
Air humidity61.4 % 49.1–64.7
Moisture balance-28.0 mm/mo
Vapour deficit612 Pa 465–891
Wind speed4.20 m/s
Cloud cover41.2 % 32.6–51.7
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 15 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.