Fagus sylvatica
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Fagus sylvatica's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation16 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 332 824 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI20 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics38 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology9
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry9
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Fagus sylvatica across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile4 classes
Documented compounds9 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-[(Z)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2Z)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside | present | LOTUS | |
| (Z)-Coniferin | present | LOTUS | |
| Catechin | present | LOTUS | |
| Taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside | present | LOTUS | |
| Taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside | present | LOTUS | |
| Taxifolin-3-glucopyranoside | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Fagus sylvatica has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Fagus sylvatica carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2430×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · slov-fl +12
2n 222×CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type1 332 824 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions109 of 201 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 21 073 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 12 419 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 981 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 386 |
| Mlocation not on record | 757 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 434 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 377 |
| LDlocation not on record | 338 |
| Salzburg, AT | 336 |
| Paris, FR | 278 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 179 |
| Olocation not on record | 141 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 108 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 102 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 85 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 64 |
| Lausanne, CH | 64 |
| BClocation not on record | 63 |
| MAlocation not on record | 58 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 55 |
| Trondheim, NO | 55 |
| Zürich, CH | 53 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 50 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 49 |
| Bern, CH | 47 |
| Bergen, NO | 45 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 43 |
| Vitoria, ES | 42 |
| Berlin, DE | 37 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 34 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 34 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 33 |
| Barcelona, ES | 33 |
| València, ES | 33 |
| M-Lichenslocation not on record | 31 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 29 |
| South Kensington, GB | 29 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 28 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 27 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 26 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 25 |
| Wlocation not on record | 24 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 20 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 20 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 20 |
| Zürich, CH | 20 |
| Uppsala, SE | 19 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 18 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 17 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 16 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 16 |
| Auckland, NZ | 15 |
| PRClocation not on record | 15 |
| Toronto, CA | 14 |
| Vancouver, CA | 14 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 14 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 13 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 12 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 12 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 12 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 12 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 12 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 12 |
| Millersville, US | 11 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 11 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 10 |
| Dresden, DE | 10 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 10 |
| Dekalb, US | 9 |
| Salamanca, ES | 9 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 9 |
| Tartu, EE | 9 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 9 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 9 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 9 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 8 |
| Madrid, ES | 7 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 7 |
| New Haven, US | 7 |
| Saint Louis, US | 6 |
| Stockholm, SE | 6 |
| Tilburg, NL | 6 |
| Chicago, US | 6 |
| Helsinki, FI | 6 |
| Canberra, AU | 5 |
| College Park, US | 5 |
| Kingston, US | 5 |
| Hobart, AU | 5 |
| Pullman, US | 5 |
| Pamplona, ES | 5 |
| Armidale, AU | 5 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tallinn, EE | 4 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 4 |
| Beijing, CN | 4 |
| MHNAIXlocation not on record | 4 |
| Pamplona, ES | 4 |
| Fulda, DE | 4 |
| Granada, ES | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 4 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 4 |
| Tampa, US | 4 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| San Jose, US | 4 |
| Glarus, CH | 4 |
| EL PASO, US | 3 |
| Sevilla, ES | 3 |
| Madrid, ES | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Kuopio, FI | 3 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 3 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Smithfield, AU | 3 |
| Tacoma, US | 3 |
| Flagstaff, US | 3 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 2 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 2 |
| Hudson, US | 2 |
| Senckenberg Institute for Plant Form and Function at Friedrich Schiller University Jenalocation not on record | 2 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 2 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Durban, ZA | 2 |
| Bangkok, TH | 2 |
| Riverside, US | 2 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 2 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 2 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Badajoz, ES | 2 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 2 |
| Arcata, US | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| New Brunswick, US | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 2 |
| Podgorica, ME | 2 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Turku, FI | 1 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Córdoba, ES | 1 |
| Cincinnati, US | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Porvoo, FI | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Lincoln, US | 1 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Dunkellocation not on record | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| IANIGLAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| ESP003location not on record | 1 |
| Washington, US | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| *unvoucheredlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNINE:NEUlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Botanic Garden of Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Namur, BE | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Lubbock, US | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Loja, EC | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Fagus sylvatica was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.