Euphorbia tirucalli
speciesAt a glance
Sources17 archives
Databases and archives Euphorbia tirucalli's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 644 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System5 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI26 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics30 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Euphorbia tirucalli, ou Bois de lait, Euphorbe antivénérienne et aux Antilles françaises elle est appelée en créole Kréyon, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Euphorbiacées. C'est une plante ligneuse, à rameaux cylindriques verts, originaire de Madagascar qui pousse aussi en Afrique et Asie dans des climats tropicaux semi-arides. Son latex très toxique a été utilisé en médecine traditionnelle.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology18
Life cycle & reproduction6
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Euphorbia tirucalli across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds46 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-1-en-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (4aS,5S,6aR,6aR,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-5-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (4aS,5S,6aS,6aR,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-5-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (E)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide | present | NPASS | |
| 12-O-(Z,E)-2,4-Octadienoyl-4-desoxyphorbol | present | LOTUS | |
| 12-O-2Z,4E-Octadienoyl-4-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate | present | LOTUS | |
| 15-(5,6-Dimethylhept-1-en-2-yl)-7,12,16-trimethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| 15-(5,6-Dimethylhept-1-en-2-yl)-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| 17-(1,5-dimethyl-4-methylene-hexyl)-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia tirucalli has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Euphorbia tirucalli carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 207×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +3
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type4 649 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions61 of 139 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Pretoria, ZA | 60 |
| Saint Louis, US | 55 |
| Paris, FR | 38 |
| Durban, ZA | 25 |
| Kew, GB | 22 |
| Bronx, US | 17 |
| Durango, MX | 16 |
| Chicago, US | 15 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 12 |
| Baroda, IN | 11 |
| Guilin, CN | 6 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 6 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 6 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 5 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 4 |
| Mérida, MX | 4 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 4 |
| Brisbane, AU | 4 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 4 |
| Plocation not on record | 4 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 4 |
| Davis, US | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 4 |
| Instituto do Meio Ambientelocation not on record | 3 |
| Honolulu, US | 3 |
| Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro)location not on record | 3 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 3 |
| Wuhan, CN | 3 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Miami, US | 3 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 3 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 3 |
| Madison, US | 3 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 3 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 3 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 3 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 3 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 3 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 2 |
| Kensington, AU | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 2 |
| EAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Arusha, TZ | 2 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 2 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| GB | 2 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 2 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, United States National Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| National Museums of Kenyalocation not on record | 2 |
| Claremont, US | 2 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 2 |
| Haramaya Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Teresina, BR | 2 |
| Barcelona, ES | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 2 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 1 |
| Clocation not on record | 1 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 1 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Herbarium of São Tomé and Principelocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nnamdi Azikiwe University Herbarium (NAUH)location not on record | 1 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 1 |
| MHUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica-CEBIQlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Guayaquillocation not on record | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Addis Ababa, ET | 1 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 1 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Aarhus, DK | 1 |
| Llocation not on record | 1 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Toluca, MX | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 1 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Porto Velho, BR | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Irvine, US | 1 |
| Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)location not on record | 1 |
| Seropédica, BR | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Euphorbia tirucalli was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.