Euphorbia thymifolia
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records4 399
Data sources14
Biological traits41
DNA specimens5
eDNA detections4
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Euphorbia thymifolia's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 399 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources41 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS30 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF4 399 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries4 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD5 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GIFT · GoaT2n = 18
01Narrative
Euphorbia thymifolia est une espèce de plantes herbacées allongées[pas clair] de la famille des Euphorbiaceae. Fréquemment utilisée en médecine traditionnelle en Afrique occidentale, elle porte les noms communs d'« euphorbe à feuilles de thym » ou de « petite rougette ».
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesWCVPTRYAusTraitsGIFT
Size & morphology17
Fruit length1.5 mm
Fruit length max1.5 mm
Fruit length min1 mm
Fruit width14 mm
Fruit width max15 mm
Fruit width min13 mm
Leaf length6 mm
Leaf length max9 mm
Leaf length min3 mm
Leaf width3.5 mm
Leaf width max5 mm
Leaf width min1.5 mm
Plant height0.1 m
Plant height max0.3 m
Plant height min0.1 m
Seed length max1 mm
Seed length min0.8 mm
Life cycle & reproduction9
Dehiscencedehiscent
Dispersal type detailedanthropochorous
Flowering endSep
Flowering startMay
Life formannual or helophyte
Life spanannual
⚠ sources differ — TRY: annual · AusTraits: perennial · GIFT: annual
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment12
Aquaticterrestrial
Climateseasonally dry tropical
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max1 500 m
Elevation min0 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit typecapsule
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTÁrea Antrópica
Mycorrhiza type0.0000000737
Succulenceno
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry2
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Photosynthetic pathwayC4
03Chemical composition30 compounds
Compounds documented for Euphorbia thymifolia across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Gallotannins24
Lanostane, Tirucallane and Euphane triterpenoids1
Taraxerane triterpenoids1
Depsides1
Hydrocarbons1
Documented compounds30 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ((10R,11S,12R,13S,15R)-3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo(17.4.0.02,7.010,15)tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| ((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-tetrahydropyran-4-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| (10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione | present | LOTUS | |
| (2-Carboxy-4-formyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate | present | NPASS | |
| (2Z)-2-[(4R,5S,7R,25S,26R,30R,34S,38S)-13,14,15,18,19,20,35,36-octahydroxy-2,10,23,28,32-pentaoxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,9,24,27,33-hexaoxaheptacyclo[28.7.1.04,25.07,26.011,16.017,22.034,38]octatriaconta-1(37),11,13,15,17,19,21,35-octaen-29-ylidene]acetic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2Z)-2-[13,14,15,18,19,20,35,36-octahydroxy-2,10,23,28,32-pentaoxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,9,24,27,33-hexaoxaheptacyclo[28.7.1.04,25.07,26.011,16.017,22.034,38]octatriaconta-1(37),11,13,15,17,19,21,34(38),35-nonaen-29-ylidene]acetic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,4aR,6aS,6aS,8aS,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,5R,10S,13R,14R,17R)-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| 1,2,3-tri-O-Galloyl-beta-4C1-glucose | present | LOTUS | |
| 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding5 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia thymifolia has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens5
Marker genes2
eDNA detections4
Countries2
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★ITS
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GIFT · GoaT · TreeOfSex
The complete instruction manual Euphorbia thymifolia carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 18 n = 9
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome records18–202n range18median18mode8records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 186×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +2
GoaT · Tree of Sex Database — ↗
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Krishnappa, D. G. & R. V. Reshme. 1982. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon 31: 597–598.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sarkar, A. K. & N. Datta. 1979. Cytological assessment of the family Euphorbiaceae I. Tribe Euphorbieae. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. (III, C) 66: 86.
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Datta, N. 1967 ; Choda, S.P. & Mehra, P.N. 1972 ; Mehra, P .N. & Choda, S.P. 1978; Sarkar, A.K. & Datta, N. 1979
TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
2n 202×CCDB · book-ipcn65 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1
CCDB · book-ipcn65 — Chopde _1965
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Chopde, V.P. 1965
2n 191×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — HSU, C.-c. 1967. Preliminary chromosome studies on the vascular plants of Taiwan (I). Taiwania No. 13: 117-130.
n 96×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn72 · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +2
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sarkar, A. K. & N. Datta. 1979. Cytological assessment of the family Euphorbiaceae I. Tribe Euphorbieae. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. (III, C) 66: 86.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Mehra, P. N. & S. P. CHODA. 1978. Cyto-taxonomical studies in the genus Euphorbia L. Cytologia 43: 217–235.
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — CHODA, S.P., & P.N. MEHRA. 1972. Cytological studies in some Euphorbiaceae. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore) 41: 76.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — DATTA, N. 1967. In IOPB chromosome number reports XII. Taxon 16: 341-350-:-
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Mehra & Choda 1978
TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗
n 191×GIFT · GIFT (floras)
GIFT · GIFT (floras)
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=0.880 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type4 399 records
Wild obs. + sensor2 312
Museum / vouchered2 058
Other29
Origin
Native163
Introduced4
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO11 244 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy87% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 154≤1 km 169≤10 km 106>10 km 96
1 525 georeferenced · 787 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor2 312
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy63% within 1 km
≤100 m 108≤1 km 30≤10 km 69>10 km 11
218 georeferenced · 1 840 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 058
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions91 of 202 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Chicago, US | 279 |
| Saint Louis, US | 253 |
| Taipei, TW | 80 |
| Bronx, US | 79 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 69 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 46 |
| Beijing, CN | 46 |
| Tampa, US | 46 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 44 |
| Durango, MX | 36 |
| Brisbane, AU | 35 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 33 |
| Mexico City, MX | 31 |
| Paris, FR | 30 |
| Kunming, CN | 30 |
| Riverside, US | 21 |
| Durham, US | 19 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 19 |
| Kew, GB | 18 |
| Instituto do Meio Ambientelocation not on record | 17 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 17 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 16 |
| Baroda, IN | 16 |
| Guilin, CN | 16 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 15 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 13 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 13 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 13 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 13 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 13 |
| Blumenau, BR | 12 |
| Nanjing, CN | 12 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 12 |
| Honolulu, US | 11 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 11 |
| San José, CR | 10 |
| León, NI | 10 |
| The University of Arizonalocation not on record | 9 |
| Xiamen, CN | 9 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 9 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 8 |
| Palmerston, AU | 8 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 8 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 8 |
| San Diego, US | 8 |
| Smithfield, AU | 8 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 8 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 7 |
| Masindi, UG | 7 |
| Plocation not on record | 7 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 6 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 6 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 6 |
| Cambridge, US | 6 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 6 |
| Seoul, KR | 5 |
| Yangling, CN | 5 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 5 |
| Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarinlocation not on record | 5 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 5 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 4 |
| Changsha, CN | 4 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 4 |
| Shanghai, CN | 4 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 4 |
| Brasília, BR | 4 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 4 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 4 |
| CASlocation not on record | 4 |
| Nishihara, JP | 4 |
| Madison, US | 4 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 4 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 4 |
| Hermosillo, MX | 4 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 3 |
| IPHAMETRAlocation not on record | 3 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 3 |
| Culiacán, MX | 3 |
| Uppsala, SE | 3 |
| Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record | 3 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 3 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Papua New Guinealocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 3 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Guasave, MX | 3 |
| La Paz, MX | 3 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 3 |
| Glocation not on record | 3 |
| Berlin, DE | 3 |
| Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxicolocation not on record | 3 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 2 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record | 2 |
| Centre National d'Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP)location not on record | 2 |
| Xian, CN | 2 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Calabar, NG | 2 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 2 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 2 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| Brussels, BE | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 2 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 2 |
| Vancouver, CA | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Sendai, JP | 2 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record | 2 |
| Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarinlocation not on record | 2 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 2 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Porto Velho, BR | 1 |
| Aarhus, DK | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Universidad de Autonoma de Baja Californialocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Agrarialocation not on record | 1 |
| COLlocation not on record | 1 |
| 黔东南州民族医药研究所标本室location not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanallocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Richmondlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de los Andes (UniAndes)location not on record | 1 |
| Shenzhen, CN | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| Pomona Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| FJFClocation not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduraslocation not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 1 |
| Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG)location not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)location not on record | 1 |
| UEGlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre for Medicinal Plants Research-Arya Vaidya Salalocation not on record | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 1 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 1 |
| Chengdu, CN | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| INBIOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Seropédica, BR | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 1 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| DSMlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| Sucre, BO | 1 |
| URCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| Teresina, BR | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
202 institutions · 1 879 of 2 058 vouchered records shown · 178 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA4 detections
Where the DNA of Euphorbia thymifolia was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found4
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 4 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median23.0 °C 19.5–26.5
Seasonal swing summer↔winter6.50 °C
Max temp (day)27.1 °C 24.7–29.4
Min temp (night)18.4 °C 13.6–23.1
Precipitation156 mm/mo 88.1–223
Air humidity60.5 % 58.3–62.8
Moisture balance8.40 mm/mo -65.3–82.1
Vapour deficit1,125 Pa 953–1,297
Wind speed2.80 m/s 1.70–4.00
Cloud cover26.2 % 22.0–30.4
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.