Euphorbia segetalis
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records15 495
Data sources13
Biological traits54
DNA specimens9
eDNA detections5
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Euphorbia segetalis's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility15 495 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements5 literature sources54 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS184 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF15 495 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 3 countries5 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD9 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex2n = 16
01Narrative
L’Euphorbe des moissons est une espèce de plante herbacée méditerranéenne de la famille des Euphorbiacées. La floraison a lieu d'avril à octobre.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTAusTraitsLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology27
Fruit length max3.4 mm
Fruit length min2.8 mm
Fruit width max3.5 mm
Fruit width min3 mm
Inflorescence length max0.17 cm
Inflorescence length min0.13 cm
Leaf length6 mm
Leaf length max40 mm
Leaf length min25 mm
Leaf mass1.69 mg
Leaf size38.5 mm²
Leaf width11.5 mm
Leaf width max4 mm
Leaf width min2 mm
Plant height0.235 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.235 m · AusTraits: 0.35 m · LEDA: 0.12 m · TRY: 0.3 m
Plant height generative0.123 m
Plant height max0.4 m
Plant height min0.1 m
Seed length2.33 mm
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 2.33 mm · AusTraits: 2 mm · GIFT: 1.8 mm
Seed length max2.3 mm
Seed length min2 mm
Seed mass2.42 mg
Seed mass max2.5 mg
Seed mass min2.38 mg
Seed width1.6 mm
Seed width max1.5 mm
Seed width min1.3 mm
Life cycle & reproduction8
Flower colourgreen
Flowering endOct
Flowering startMar
Life formannual or perennial
Life spanannual
⚠ sources differ — TRY: annual · AusTraits: annual perennial · LEDA: summer annuals · GIFT: perennial
Lifespan years1 years
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Seed number17
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment13
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max1 200 m
Elevation min0 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit typecapsule
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTCoastal
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf formelliptic
Leaf shapecordate deltate elliptical lanceolate linear oblong obtriangular ovate rhomboidal
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry3
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)221 mg/g
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 221 mg/g · LEDA: 200 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Specific leaf area (SLA)23.09 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 23.09 mm²/mg · LEDA: 26.3 mm²/mg · GIFT: 26.3 mm²/mg
Other traits2
Diaspore typeseed
Inflorescencecyme
03Chemical composition184 compounds
Compounds documented for Euphorbia segetalis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Gallotannins39
Jatrophane diterpenoids9
Lupane triterpenoids8
Ingenane diterpenoids $ Tetracyclic diterpenoids6
Flavones6
Documented compounds184 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R)-10-[(14R,15S,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaene-8,14,26,31-tetrone | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R)-10-[(14S,15S,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,16,17,18,21,22,33,34-undecahydroxy-9,24,31-trioxaheptacyclo[24.8.0.02,7.014,19.020,29.023,28.027,32]tetratriaconta-1(34),2,4,6,14,16,18,20,22,26,28,32-dodecaene-8,13,25,30-tetrone | present | NPASS | |
| (10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bS,8aS,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2S,8R,10R,19R,20S,39S)-8,9,9,13,14,25,26,27,30,31,32,39-dodecahydroxy-3,18,21,36,38,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[18.17.1.12,19.18,12.05,10.011,16.023,28.029,34]tetraconta-5,11,13,15,23,25,27,29,31,33-decaene-4,7,17,22,35-pentone | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | present | NPASS | |
| (1S,3R,6S,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-3-one | present | NPASS |
05DNA & barcoding9 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia segetalis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens9
Marker genes5
eDNA detections5
Countries4
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★rbcL★trnL-F★ITS★ITS2trnH-psbA
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex
The complete instruction manual Euphorbia segetalis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 16 n = 8
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome records16–182n range16median16mode38records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 1634×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iapt +7
GoaT · Tree of Sex Database — ↗
CCDB · ita-fl — PAVONE P., TERRASI M.C., ZIZZA A. - 1981. Numeros cromosomaticos de plantas occidentales 113-128.. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid , 38(1): 273-280.
CCDB · iapt — IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 8
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Luque, T. & Z. Daz Lifante.Bocconea1: 303-364(1991).
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome numbers of some flowering plants of Spain and France. Gadella, Th., E. Kliphuis & E. A. Mennega.Acta Bot. Neerl.15(2): 484-489(1966).
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome numbers of vascular plants from Austria, Mallorca and Yugoslavia. Nilsson, O. & P. Lassen.Bot. Not.124: 270-276(1971).
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribuiao para o conhecimento citotaxonmico das spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae Queirs, M.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 249: 143-161(1975).
CCDB · iber-fl — Nmeros cromosmicos de plantas espaolas. III. Fernndez Casas, J.Lagascalia6(1): 91-96(1976).
CCDB · iber-fl — Studies on the flora of the Balearic Islands, I. Dahlgren, R., Th. Karlsson & P. Lassen.Bot. Not.124: 249-269(1971).
CCDB · iber-fl — Contribucin al estudio cariolgico del gnero Euphorbia L., subgn. Esula Pers. Juan, R. & J. Pastor.Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 266: 41-54(1993).
CCDB · fl-europaea — D'Amato, 1945
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Pavone, P., M. C. Terrasi & A. Zizza. 1981. Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 113-128. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38: 273–280.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Vilatersana, R. & M. Bernal. 1992. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 2 (83--91). Fl. Medit. 2: 249–255.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Luque, T. & Z. D. Lifante. 1991. Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Bocconea 1: 303–364.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Queiros, M. 1975a. Contribuicao para o conhecimento citotaxonomico das Spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae. Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2 49: 143–161.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Fernandez Casas, J. 1976. Numeros cromosomicos de plantas espanolas, III. Lagascalia 6: 91–96.
CCDB · book-ipcn66 — Gadella et al. 1966
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — DAHLGREN, R., TH. KARLSSON, & P. LASSEN. 1971. Studies on the flora I < the Balearic Islands. I. Chromosome numbers in Balearic angiosperms. sot. Notiser 124: 249~269.
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — NILSSON, Q., & P. LASSEN. 1971. Chromosome numbers of vascular pla from Austria, Mallorca and Yugoslav1a. Bot. Not1ser 124: 270-276. I
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Medit.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Dahlgren, R., Karlsson, Th. & Lassen, P. (1971). Studies on the Flora of the Balearic Islands, I. Chromosome numbers in Balearic Angiosperms. Bot. Not. 124(1): 249-269.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Dalgaard, V. (1986a). Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43: 83-111.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Fernández Casas, J. (1976). Números cromosómicos de plantas españolas. III. Lagascalia 6(1): 91-96.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Gadella, Th. W. J., Kliphuis, E. & Mennega, E. A. (1966). Chromosome numbers of some flowering plants of Spain and S France. Acta Bot. Neerl. 15(2): 484-489.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Luque, T. & Díaz Lifante, Z. (1991). Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Bocconea 1: 303-364.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Nilsson, Ö. & P. Lassen. (1971). Chromosome numbers of vascular plants from Austria, Mallorca and Yugoslavia. Bot. Not. 124(2): 270-276.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Perry, B. A. (1943). Chromosome numbers and phylogenetic relationships in the Euphorbiaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 30: 527-543.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Queirós, M. (1975b). Contribuiçao para o conhecimento citotaxonómico das Spermatophyta de Portugal. XI. Euphorbiaceae. Bol. Soc. Brot. 49: 143-161.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Shimoyama, S. (1959). Cytological studies in the genus Euphorbia, III. Ann. Rept. Natl. Inst. Genet. (Japan) 8: 49.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Vilatersana, R. & M. Bernal. (1992). In: G. Kamari, F. Felber & F. Garbari (Eds.), Mediterranean chromosome number reports, 83-91. Fl. Medit. 2: 249-255.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Vogt, R. & Oberprieler, C. (2009). IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 8 Taxon 58 (4): 1282-1283
2n 184×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants +1
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. Darlintong, C. D. & A. P. Wylie.*(1955).
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — HURUSAWA, I. & S. SHIMOYAMA. 1976. Die Mannigfaltigkeit der Chromosomenzahl bei der Gattung Euphorbia. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 52: 255–266.
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Harrison, T. 1931
TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗
n 84×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015 +1
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Humphries, C. J., B. G. Murray, G. Bocquet & K. N. Vasudevan. 1978. Chromosome numbers of phanerogams from Morocco and Algeria. Bot. Not. 131: 391–404.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Humphries 1978
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Humphries, C. J., Murray, B. G., Bocquet, G. & Vasudevan, K. N. (1978). Chromosome numbers of phanerogams from Morocco and Algeria. Bot. Not. 131(4): 391-404.
TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=0.980 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type15 495 records
Wild obs. + sensor14 073
Museum / vouchered1 343
Other79
Origin
Native4 006
Introduced2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO23 092 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy51% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 677≤1 km 4 498≤10 km 5 955>10 km 45
12 175 georeferenced · 1 898 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor14 073
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy59% within 1 km
≤100 m 36≤1 km 293≤10 km 225>10 km 7
561 georeferenced · 782 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 343
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions43 of 74 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 173 |
| Paris, FR | 148 |
| Barcelona, ES | 145 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 83 |
| València, ES | 82 |
| MAlocation not on record | 67 |
| Vitoria, ES | 63 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 57 |
| BClocation not on record | 46 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 41 |
| Alicante, ES | 26 |
| Granada, ES | 24 |
| Adelaide, AU | 24 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 22 |
| Salamanca, ES | 22 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 19 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 19 |
| Chicago, US | 18 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 17 |
| Badajoz, ES | 17 |
| Auckland, NZ | 14 |
| Wlocation not on record | 14 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 13 |
| Madrid, ES | 12 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 12 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 9 |
| Pamplona, ES | 9 |
| Córdoba, ES | 7 |
| Philadelphia, US | 7 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 6 |
| Wellington, NZ | 5 |
| Zürich, CH | 5 |
| Görlitz, DE | 5 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pamplona, ES | 5 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 4 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 4 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 4 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 4 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 3 |
| Irvine, US | 3 |
| Tilburg, NL | 3 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 3 |
| EEZA-CSIClocation not on record | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| Blumenau, BR | 2 |
| LDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 2 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 2 |
| Sevilla, ES | 2 |
| Jaén, ES | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| South Kensington, GB | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Musee National d'histoire Naturelle Luxembourglocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| Hunan Geological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
74 institutions · 1 314 of 1 343 vouchered records shown · 28 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA5 detections
Where the DNA of Euphorbia segetalis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found5
Studies independent surveys1
Countries3
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 5 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median15.2 °C 7.00–15.3
Seasonal swing summer↔winter16.9 °C
Max temp (day)20.1 °C 10.9–20.3
Min temp (night)9.00 °C 2.50–9.00
Precipitation66.7 mm/mo 40.1–69.3
Air humidity56.0 % 53.5–61.9
Moisture balance-61.7 mm/mo -67.5–-3.40
Vapour deficit774 Pa 411–917
Wind speed2.80 m/s 2.20–4.70
Cloud cover38.3 % 37.7–44.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 3 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.