A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia commutata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences9
eDNA detections2
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
Euphorbia commutata voucher M. Mayfield 3792 (KSC, MICH) internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK2★rbcL2★rbcLa★ITS5★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualEuphorbia commutata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 28 n = 14
Ploidypolyploid inferred
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 281×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy66% within 1 km
≤100 m 189≤1 km 43≤10 km 14>10 km 105
351 georeferenced · 61 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor412
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy36% within 1 km
≤100 m 6≤1 km 91≤10 km 138>10 km 35
270 georeferenced · 187 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence457
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions40 of 55 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Chicago, US
80
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
50
Bloomington, US
34
Madison, US
31
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
29
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
27
Saint Louis, US
24
Philadelphia, US
16
St. Paul, US
16
Tuscaloosa, US
13
Wuzhou, CN
13
Fort Worth, US
10
Ann Arbor, US
9
College Park, US
9
Bangkok, TH
9
Chapel Hill, US
8
Mississippi State, US
5
Fayetteville, US
5
Miami, US
5
Williamsburg, US
4
Little Rock, US
4
Austin, US
4
BAYLUlocation not on record
3
AUAlocation not on record
3
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
3
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
2
Flagstaff, US
2
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
2
Davenport, US
2
DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record
2
Springfield, US
2
Millersville, US
2
Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record
2
Northridge, US
2
Knoxville, US
1
Kirksville, US
1
Norfolk, US
1
Mexico City, MX
1
US
1
Tampa, US
1
GAlocation not on record
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record
1
Dekalb, US
1
Logan, US
1
Toronto, CA
1
Karlsruhe, DE
1
GB
1
Staten Island, US
1
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
1
Jackson, US
1
Philadelphia, US
1
Richmond, US
1
Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record
1
Washington, US
1
55 institutions · 453 of 457 vouchered records shown · 4 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA2 detections
Where the DNA of Euphorbia commutata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
Fagus, Ostrya, Carpinus, Acer woodland; side…
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median13.4 °C 13.4–13.4
Seasonal swing summer↔winter25.9 °C
Max temp (day)18.5 °C
Min temp (night)8.90 °C
Precipitation91.8 mm/mo
Air humidity56.6 %
Moisture balance-39.9 mm/mo
Vapour deficit670 Pa
Wind speed4.30 m/s
Cloud cover44.3 %
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility869 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype