Euphorbia celastroides

Boiss. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia

At a glance

Occurrence records137

Data sources12

Biological traits23

DNA specimens20

eDNA detections24

Sources12 archives

Databases and archives Euphorbia celastroides's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility137 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI24 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics20 specimens↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

giftgenome & karyotype

GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗

NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page6 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources23 traits

Occurrence & distributionGBIF137 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries24 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD20 specimens

Genome at a glanceGIFT · GoaT · NCBI≈3 Gbp

01Narrative

Euphorbia celastroides is a flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is referred to by the common name akoko by Hawaiians, and is a species of spurge closely related to the poinsettia. This species develops into a round-shape shrub. This species is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology10

Fruit length max4 mm

Fruit length min2 mm

Leaf length max70 mm

Leaf length min10 mm

Leaf width max30 mm

Leaf width min5 mm

Plant height max8 m

Plant height min1 m

Seed length max2 mm

Seed length min1 mm

Life cycle & reproduction4

Deciduousnessdeciduous

Dehiscencedehiscent

Life formtree

Life spanperennial

Habitat & environment6

Climatewet tropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit typecapsule

Growth formtree

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · TRY: Tree, Shrub

Woodinesswoody

Physiology & chemistry3

Leaf n39.58 mg/g

Photosynthetic pathwayC4

Specific leaf area (SLA)20.83 mm²/mg

05DNA & barcoding20 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia celastroides has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens20

Marker genes2

eDNA detections24

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★ITS★ITS2

fungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceGIFT · GoaT · NCBI

The complete instruction manual Euphorbia celastroides carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is

Genome size≈2 955 368 221 bp assembly estimate

Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).

BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb

FUNGUS0.04 Gb

INSECT0.25 Gb

THIS GENOME Euphorbia celastroides2.96 Gb

HUMAN3.2 Gb

WHEAT17 Gb

FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 38 n = 19

Ploidypolyploid inferred

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 381×GIFT · GIFT (floras)

GIFT · GIFT (floras)

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers

Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.

Assembly levelContig

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type137 records

Wild obs. + sensor109

Museum / vouchered26

Fossil2

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO312 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy63% within 1 km

≤100 m 48≤1 km 11≤10 km 4>10 km 30

93 georeferenced · 16 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor109

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy36% within 1 km

≤1 km 5≤10 km 8>10 km 1

14 georeferenced · 12 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence26

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions10 of 13 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Claremont, US	5
Madison, US	5
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	4
Bronx, US	2
CASlocation not on record	2
Wellington, NZ	1
Zürich, CH	1
Denver, US	1
Ann Arbor, US	1
Saint Louis, US	1
Fullerton, US	1
Cambridge, US	1
BISHlocation not on record	1

13 institutions · 26 of 26 vouchered records shown

09Environmental DNA24 detections

Where the DNA of Euphorbia celastroides was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found24

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 24 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median25.7 °C 25.7–25.7

Seasonal swing summer↔winter27.0 °C

Max temp (day)31.2 °C

Min temp (night)21.2 °C

Precipitation117 mm/mo

Air humidity56.9 %

Moisture balance-100 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,423 Pa

Wind speed5.10 m/s

Cloud cover24.9 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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