Euphorbia antiquorum

species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia

At a glance

Occurrence records210

Data sources14

Biological traits27

DNA specimens9

eDNA detections9

Sources14 archives

Databases and archives Euphorbia antiquorum's data was compiled from.

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility210 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI9 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗

Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources27 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS152 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF210 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries9 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD9 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex2n = 60

01Narrative

Euphorbia antiquorum is een succulente struik uit de wolfsmelkfamilie (Euphorbiaceae). De soort komt voor in Pakistan, op het Indisch subcontinent, Indochina, en op de eilanden Sri Lanka en Java. De plant kan uitgroeien tot een boom en kan daarbij een hoogte van 10 meter bereiken.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology13

Fruit length3.7 mm

Fruit length max4 mm

Fruit length min3.4 mm

Fruit width4.5 mm

Fruit width max5 mm

Fruit width min4 mm

Leaf length35 mm

Leaf length max50 mm

Leaf length min20 mm

Leaf width15 mm

Leaf width max20 mm

Leaf width min10 mm

Plant height7 m

Life cycle & reproduction4

Deciduousnessevergreen

Life formsucculent tree

Life spanperennial

Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment7

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatewet tropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formshrub

Mycorrhiza typearbuscular

Woodinesswoody

Physiology & chemistry2

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

03Chemical composition152 compounds

Compounds documented for Euphorbia antiquorum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Cinnamic acids and derivatives $ Phenylethanoids22

Lanostane, Tirucallane and Euphane triterpenoids12

Cucurbitane triterpenoids7

Cycloartane triterpenoids6

Friedelane triterpenoids5

Documented compounds152 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl)methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	present	NPASS
(+)-Ursolic Acid	present	NPASS
(1R,4aR,7aR)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid	present	NPASS
(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13S)-13-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-16-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.2.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-6,14-dione	present	LOTUS
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	present	NPASS
(1S,4S,9R,10S,12R,13R)-13-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-16-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.2.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-6,14-dione	present	LOTUS
(1S,5R)-4,6,6-trimethyl-5-[(3E,11E)-3,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol	present	LOTUS
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(E)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]prop-2-enoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	present	NPASS
(2S,4aR,4bR,6aS,8R,10aS,12aR)-1,1,4a,6a,8,10a-hexamethyl-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-3,4,4b,5,6,7,9,10,12,12a-decahydro-2H-chrysen-2-ol	present	LOTUS
(3beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,13alpha,14beta,17alpha)-9-Methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-dien-3-ol	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding9 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euphorbia antiquorum has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens9

Marker genes3

eDNA detections9

Countries3

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcL★ITS

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex

The complete instruction manual Euphorbia antiquorum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 60 n = 30

Ploidypolyploid inferred

Chromosome records60–602n range60median60mode5records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 605×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +1

GoaT · Tree of Sex Database — ↗

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Soontornchainaksaeng, P. & K. Chaiyasut. 1999. Cytogenetic investigation of some Euphorbiaceae in Thailand. Cytologia 64: 229–234.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Krishnappa, D. G. & R. V. Reshme. 1980a. In Chromosome number reports LXVIII. Taxon 29: 536–537.

CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Choda, S.P. & Mehra, P.N. 1972; Mehra, P.N. & Choda, S.P. 1978; Krishnappa, D.G. & Reshme, R.V. 1980

TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗

n 304×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn72 · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 +1

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Mehra, P. N. & S. P. CHODA. 1978. Cyto-taxonomical studies in the genus Euphorbia L. Cytologia 43: 217–235.

CCDB · book-ipcn72 — CHODA, S.P., & P.N. MEHRA. 1972. Cytological studies in some Euphorbiaceae. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore) 41: 76.

CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Mehra & Choda 1978

TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979 ↗

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type210 records

Wild obs. + sensor136

Museum / vouchered74

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO700 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy78% within 1 km

≤100 m 46≤1 km 27≤10 km 17>10 km 4

94 georeferenced · 42 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor136

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km

≤100 m 1≤1 km 2

3 georeferenced · 71 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence74

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions11 of 18 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Beijing, CN	14
Guilin, CN	8
Xiamen, CN	4
云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record	4
Chengdu, CN	4
Guangzhou, CN	3
Pondicherry, IN	3
Bronx, US	2
Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record	2
Kunming, CN	2
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	2
Gump Stationlocation not on record	2
Kagoshima, JP	1
Miami, US	1
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record	1
Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record	1
University of Hamburglocation not on record	1
Austin, US	1

18 institutions · 56 of 74 vouchered records shown · 18 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA9 detections

Where the DNA of Euphorbia antiquorum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found9

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 9 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median27.1 °C 27.1–27.1

Seasonal swing summer↔winter7.50 °C

Max temp (day)32.4 °C

Min temp (night)21.7 °C

Precipitation76.6 mm/mo

Air humidity52.6 %

Moisture balance-55.6 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,689 Pa

Wind speed1.40 m/s

Cloud cover4.90 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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