Euonymus japonicus
Thunb. · speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records10 123
Data sources8
Biological traits44
DNA specimens16
eDNA detections16
Sources8 archives
Databases and archives Euonymus japonicus's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility10 123 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI16 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics16 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeOn this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources44 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS44 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF10 123 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 3 countries16 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD16 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 32
01Narrative
Euonymus japonicus ou fusain du Japon est une espèce de plante du genre Euonymus et de la famille des célastracées. C'est un arbuste à feuillage persistant, originaire du Japon qui est à l'origine de formes cultivées introduites dans de nombreuses régions tempérées du monde.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesWCVPAusTraitsGIFTTRY
Size & morphology18
Fruit length8 mm
Fruit length max8 mm
Fruit length min8 mm
Fruit width7 mm
Fruit width max8 mm
Fruit width min8 mm
Leaf length40 mm
Leaf length max50 mm
Leaf length min30 mm
Leaf width30 mm
Leaf width max30 mm
Leaf width min20 mm
Plant height4.17 m
Plant height max7 m
Plant height min4.5 m
Seed mass29.67 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 29.67 mg · GIFT: 33.49 mg
Seed mass max37.31 mg
Seed mass min29.67 mg
Life cycle & reproduction12
Deciduousnessevergreen
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower length max7 mm
Flower length min5 mm
Flowering startDec
Life formshrub or tree
Life spanperennial
Lifespan years18 years
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formphanerophyte
Sex typehermaphrodite
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment11
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatesubtropical
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max2 600 m
Elevation min1 800 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit fleshinessdry
Fruit typecapsule
Growth formtree
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: tree · AusTraits: shrub tree · TRY: Shrub
Habitat GIFTLowland
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry2
Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer
Specific leaf area (SLA)6.83 mm²/mg
03Chemical composition44 compounds
Compounds documented for Euonymus japonicus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Agarofuran sesquiterpenoids $ Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids7
Agarofuran sesquiterpenoids $ Pyridine alkaloids6
Agarofuran sesquiterpenoids5
Agarofuran sesquiterpenoids $ Pyridine alkaloids $ Terpenoid alkaloids5
Carotenoids (C40, β-β)4
Documented compounds44 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1r)-2-(Phosphonooxy)-1-[(Tridecanoyloxy)methyl]ethyl Pentadecanoate | present | LOTUS | |
| (20,21,23,24,26-Pentaacetyloxy-27-hydroxy-3,16,27-trimethyl-6,17-dioxo-2,5,18-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[17.7.1.01,22.03,25.07,12]heptacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-22-yl)methyl acetate | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bS,14aS,14bR)-11-hydroxy-10-methoxy-2,4a,6a,6a,9,14a-hexamethyl-2,4,5,6,6b,13,14,14b-octahydro-1H-picen-3-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 5-Dehydroavenasterol | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,3S,13R,14S,17R,18S,19S,20S,21R,22S,23S,24S,25R)-18,21,22,24-tetraacetyloxy-20-(acetyloxymethyl)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-19-yl] benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,7R,8R,9R,12R)-4,5,12-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-(furan-3-carbonyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-8-yl] furan-3-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,7S,8S,9S,12R)-4,5,8-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-7-yl] benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,7S,8S,9S,12R)-4,5-diacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-8-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-7-yl] benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,3R,13R,14S,17S,18R,19R,20R,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S)-18,21,22,24-tetraacetyloxy-20-(acetyloxymethyl)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-19-yl] benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,3R,13R,14S,17S,18R,19R,20R,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S)-18,21,22,24-tetraacetyloxy-20-(acetyloxymethyl)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-19-yl] pyridine-3-carboxylate | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding16 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euonymus japonicus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens16
Marker genes4
eDNA detections16
Countries4
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manual Euonymus japonicus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 32 n = 16
Ploidypolyploid inferred
Chromosome records32–322n range32median32mode6records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 326×CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3086
CCDB · book-fedorov — Morinaga. Fukushima 1931a M
CCDB · book-fedorov — Sugiura 1931,. 1936b
CCDB · book-fedorov — Bowden 1940a, i945a
CCDB · book-fedorov — Delay 1947
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — Sugiura 1931
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type10 123 records
Wild obs. + sensor8 611
Museum / vouchered1 481
Cultivated / captive26
Other5
Origin
Native3
Introduced748
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO23 484 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy63% within 1 km
≤100 m 3 556≤1 km 708≤10 km 1 981>10 km 475
6 720 georeferenced · 1 891 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor8 611
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy60% within 1 km
≤100 m 42≤1 km 73≤10 km 65>10 km 13
193 georeferenced · 1 288 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 481
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km
≤1 km 1
1 georeferenced · 25 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living26
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions108 of 188 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Odawara, JP | 140 |
| Beijing, CN | 79 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 56 |
| Nishihara, JP | 53 |
| Kochi, JP | 45 |
| Chiba, JP | 45 |
| Tokushima, JP | 44 |
| KR | 40 |
| Auckland, NZ | 38 |
| Sanda, JP | 34 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 29 |
| Nagano City, JP | 29 |
| NSMKlocation not on record | 29 |
| Taipei, TW | 28 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 24 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 24 |
| Nishihara, JP | 21 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 20 |
| Mlocation not on record | 19 |
| 河南豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区location not on record | 18 |
| Chengdu, CN | 18 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 17 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 17 |
| Bando, JP | 17 |
| JP | 17 |
| MAlocation not on record | 16 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 13 |
| Cambridge, US | 12 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 12 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 11 |
| Anhui Normal Universitylocation not on record | 10 |
| Wuhan, CN | 10 |
| Guilin, CN | 9 |
| Saint Louis, US | 8 |
| Elocation not on record | 8 |
| Museo universitario di Chietilocation not on record | 8 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 8 |
| Changsha, CN | 8 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 8 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 8 |
| Toyama, JP | 7 |
| Forestry and Forest Products Research Institutelocation not on record | 7 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 7 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Kagoshima, JP | 7 |
| Sendai, JP | 7 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Canberra, AU | 6 |
| Vitoria, ES | 6 |
| Yangling, CN | 6 |
| Kunming, CN | 6 |
| Seoul, KR | 5 |
| Wuhan, CN | 5 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 5 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Taipei, TW | 5 |
| Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| EL PASO, US | 5 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 4 |
| Washington, US | 4 |
| Riverside, US | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| SDFlocation not on record | 4 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| Xiamen, CN | 4 |
| Nanjing, CN | 4 |
| Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record | 4 |
| Guiyang, CN | 4 |
| Ishikawa Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 4 |
| València, ES | 4 |
| Chengdu, CN | 4 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 4 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 3 |
| Cibinong Science Center, Herbarium Bogorienselocation not on record | 3 |
| Badajoz, ES | 3 |
| QAUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Bronx, US | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Millersville, US | 3 |
| Bangkok, TH | 3 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 3 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| LDlocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 3 |
| SCAUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Xian, CN | 2 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hobart, AU | 2 |
| Knoxville, US | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Phoenix, US | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 2 |
| Central China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Qufu Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| DNSMlocation not on record | 2 |
| KNAMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chapingo, MX | 2 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Shanghai, CN | 2 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 2 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Xining, CN | 2 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Williamsburg, US | 2 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 2 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kyoto Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Plocation not on record | 2 |
| Davis, US | 2 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Alexandria Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Dover, US | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| Albuquerque, US | 1 |
| Miami, US | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| Jackson, US | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Bern, CH | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Granada, ES | 1 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Tomioka, JP | 1 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 1 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 1 |
| MMHNSRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing, CN | 1 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Jishou Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Lubbock, US | 1 |
| Zunyi Normal Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| KIRMlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record | 1 |
| GNWPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durban, ZA | 1 |
| Beijing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 1 |
| Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| FJFClocation not on record | 1 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum Of Natural And Environmental History, Shizuokalocation not on record | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
188 institutions · 1 413 of 1 481 vouchered records shown · 67 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA16 detections
Where the DNA of Euonymus japonicus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found16
Studies independent surveys1
Countries3
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 16 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.1 °C 17.0–26.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter14.8 °C
Max temp (day)25.7 °C 18.5–27.2
Min temp (night)21.2 °C 13.9–25.5
Precipitation232 mm/mo 3.10–347
Air humidity61.9 % 58.3–66.0
Moisture balance115 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,153 Pa 789–1,267
Wind speed4.70 m/s
Cloud cover41.8 % 31.3–47.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 11 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.