Compounds documented for Erythroxylum coca across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Erythroxylum coca has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens1
Marker genes1
GenBank sequences1
eDNA detections1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1
plant barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · NCBI
The complete instruction manualErythroxylum coca carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size≈1 075 401 999 bp assembly estimate
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Erythroxylum coca1.08 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 24 n = 12
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 241×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Heitz, E. 1929; Janaki Ammal, E.K. (D. 1945) ; Plowman. T. et al. 1978a, b
n 122×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Plowman, T., L. Rudenberg & C. W. GREENE. 1978. Chromosome numbers in Neotropical Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae). Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 203–209.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Plowman et al. 1978
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Assembly levelScaffold
07Deep time~0.93 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin0.93 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type391 records
Wild obs. + sensor117
Museum / vouchered265
Cultivated / captive8
Other1
Origin
Native11
Introduced2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO960 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy76% within 1 km
≤100 m 37≤1 km 5≤10 km 5>10 km 8
55 georeferenced · 62 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor117
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy33% within 1 km
≤100 m 2≤1 km 13≤10 km 25>10 km 6
46 georeferenced · 219 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence265
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy80% within 1 km
≤100 m 3≤1 km 1≤10 km 1
5 georeferenced · 3 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living8
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions31 of 70 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bronx, US
36
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record
26
Saint Louis, US
23
Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record
13
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record
12
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
9
Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record
7
MeiseBGlocation not on record
7
Museum of Zoologylocation not on record
6
Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record
5
Miami, US
5
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
5
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
5
Quito, EC
4
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record
4
Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record
4
Chicago, US
4
La Paz, BO
4
Vancouver, CA
4
UnBlocation not on record
3
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record
3
Beijing, CN
3
Durban, ZA
3
Corporación Autónoma Regional Para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB)location not on record
3
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record
2
Universidad de la Amazonia (UniAmazonia)location not on record
2
Fundación Desarrollo y Ambiente FUNDAlocation not on record
2
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record
2
Riverside, US
2
Cusco, PE
2
Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record
2
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record
2
Loja, EC
2
HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record
2
Nanjing, CN
2
Austin, US
1
St. Augustine, TT
1
Montréal, CA
1
Alcaldía Municipal de Garzón en Huilalocation not on record
1
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
1
JBRJlocation not on record
1
Beijing, CN
1
Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDistrital)location not on record
1
Hobart, AU
1
Zürich, CH
1
Sucre, BO
1
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO
1
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHIlocation not on record
1
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
1
Yaoundé, CM
1
Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record
1
Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record
1
Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV
1
Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record
1
USP-IBlocation not on record
1
CEPLAClocation not on record
1
Barcelona, ES
1
Taipei, TW
1
Iquitos, PE
1
Plocation not on record
1
UNESP-FCAlocation not on record
1
Stockholm, SE
1
Riobamba, EC
1
Uppsala, SE
1
Lima, PE
1
University of Hamburglocation not on record
1
INTAlocation not on record
1
Bloomington, US
1
BAYLUlocation not on record
1
GJOlocation not on record
1
70 institutions · 255 of 265 vouchered records shown · 10 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA1 detections
Where the DNA of Erythroxylum coca was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found1
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 1 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation18 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility391 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI1 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics1 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype